<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52120">Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye</a></h2>Mark B. Hellerman, Richard H. Choe, Ruth I. JohnsonBiology Department, Wesleyan UniversityThis protocol presents an efficient method for imaging the live Drosophila pupal eye neuroepithelium. This method compensates for tissue movement and uneven topology, enhances visualization of cell boundaries through the use of multiple GFP-tagged junction proteins, and uses an easily-assembled imaging rig.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52238">State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates</a></h2>Ginette M. Ecury-Goossen1, Fleur A. Camfferman2, Lara M. Leijser3,4, Paul Govaert1,5, Jeroen Dudink1,21Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children&#39;s Hospital, 2Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children&#39;s Hospital, 3Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, UZ Brussel, 4Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Isala Hospital, 6Department of Pediatrics, Koningin Paola Children&#39;s HospitalCranial ultrasound (CUS) is a valuable tool for brain imaging in critically ill neonates. This video shows a comprehensive approach for neonatal (Doppler) CUS for both clinical and research purposes, including a bedside demonstration of the technique. <h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52337">A Technical Perspective in Modern Tree-ring Research - How to Overcome Dendroecological and Wood Anatomical Challenges</a></h2>Holger G&#228;rtner, Paolo Cherubini, Patrick Fonti, Georg von Arx, Lo&#239;c Schneider, Daniel Nievergelt, Anne Verstege, Alexander Bast, Fritz H. Schweingruber, Ulf B&#252;ntgenLandscape Dynamics &#47; Dendroecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLHere we present a protocol outlining how to sample wooden specimens for the overall assessment of their growth structures. Macro- and microscopic preparation and visualization techniques necessary to generate well-replicated and highly resolved wood anatomical and dendroecological dataset, are described are described.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52338">Preparation, Imaging, and Quantification of Bacterial Surface Motility Assays</a></h2>Nydia Morales-Soto1,2, Morgen E. Anyan1, Anne E. Mattingly1, Chinedu S. Madukoma1, Cameron W. Harvey3, Mark Alber3, Eric D&#233;ziel4, Daniel B. Kearns5, Joshua D. Shrout1,2,61Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 2Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 3Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, 4INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 5Department of Biology, Indiana University, 6Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameSwarming motility is influenced by physical and environmental factors. We describe a two-phase protocol and guidelines to circumvent the challenges commonly associated with swarm assay preparation and data collection. A macroscopic imaging technique is employed to obtain detailed information on swarm behavior that is not provided by current analysis techniques. <h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52486">Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles</a></h2>Bryan Wei1, Michelle K. Vhudzijena2, Joanna Robaszewski2, Peng Yin2,31Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 2Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDNA tiling is an effective approach to make programmable nanostructures. We describe the protocols to construct complex two-dimensional shapes by the self-assembly of single-stranded DNA tiles.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52841">Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task</a></h2>Barbara Sargent1, Hendrik Reimann2, Masayoshi Kubo3, Linda Fetters11Division of Biokinesiology &#38; Physical Therapy at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, 3Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and WelfareA method is described in which 3-4 month old infants learn a task by discovery and their leg movements are captured to quantify the learning process.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52717">Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs</a></h2>Alessandro Di Cerbo1, Federica Pezzuto2, Sergio Canello3, Gianandrea Guidetti3, Beniamino Palmieri1,41Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Universtity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 3Sanypet S.p.a, 4AIRMO Center MilanWe describe a simple approach for diagnosis of halitosis in dogs as well as a dietary approach for its management. This protocol may be extended to the management of halitosis in humans in the near future.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/53271">Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development</a></h2>Joseph S. Uzarski1,2, Jimmy Su1,2,3,4, Yan Xie1,2, Zheng J. Zhang1,2, Heather H. Ward5, Angela Wandinger-Ness6, William M. Miller7,8, Jason A. Wertheim1,2,3,4,8,91Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 2Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 4Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, 5Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico HSC, 6Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico HSC, 7Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 8Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 9Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown VA Medical CenterThis protocol describes decellularization of Sprague Dawley rat kidneys by antegrade perfusion of detergents through the vasculature, producing acellular renal extracellular matrices that serve as templates for repopulation with human renal epithelial cells. Recellularization and use of the resazurin perfusion assay to monitor growth is performed within specially-designed perfusion bioreactors.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/53236">Measuring Rates of Herbicide Metabolism in Dicot Weeds with an Excised Leaf Assay</a></h2>Rong Ma, Joshua J. Skelton, Dean E. RiechersDepartment of Crop Sciences, University of IllinoisThis manuscript describes how herbicide metabolism rates can be effectively quantified with excised leaves from a dicot weed, thereby reducing variability and removing any possible confounding effects of herbicide uptake or translocation typically observed in whole-plant assays.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/53080">Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model</a></h2>Mariateresa Tedesco1, Monica Frega1,2, Sergio Martinoia1, Mattia Pesce3, Paolo Massobrio11Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 3Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)In this work, a novel experimental model in which 3D neuronal cultures are coupled to planar Micro-Electrode Arrays (MEAs) is presented. 3D networks are built by seeding neurons in a scaffold made up of glass microbeads on which neurons grow and form interconnected 3D structures.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/52968">A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study</a></h2>Aidan Dominic Roche1,2, Ivan Vujaklija3,4, Sebastian Ams&#252;ss3,4, Agnes Sturma1,5, Peter G&#246;bel6, Dario Farina3,4, Oskar C. Aszmann1,21Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function, 2Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology G&#246;ttingen, 4University Medical Center G&#246;ttingen, Georg-August University, 5University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, 6Research &amp; Development, Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbHAs prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees&#8217; inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/53313">Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine</a></h2>Jacqueline M. Nolting, Christine M. Szablewski, Jody L. Edwards, Sarah W. Nelson, Andrew S. BowmanDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityThe authors present a protocol to collect swine nasal wipes to detect and isolate influenza A viruses.

jove - year in review: 2015

In January 2015, <a href="http://www.jove.com/devbio">JoVE Developmental Biology</a> became the newest addition to the JoVE family, and featured a live-imaging protocol for <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52120">visualizing the developing Drosophila eye</a>.
In February, <a href="http://www.jove.com/med">JoVE Medicine</a> showed state-of-the-art <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52238/state-of-the-art-cranial-ultrasound-imaging-in-neonates">cranial ultrasound imaging in neonates</a>. Advances in this technique have improved its diagnostic value, allowing timely therapeutic intervention. 
In March, <a href="http://www.jove.com/enviro">JoVE Environment</a> featured dendroecology, the science of using <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52337/">tree rings to study ecological effects</a> of specific environmental factors.
In April, <a href="http://www.jove.com/biology">JoVE Biology</a> examined a mode of bacterial motility called swarming with a <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52338">two-phase swarm assay</a>. that can be used to study various aspects of bacterial growth.
In May, <a href="http://www.jove.com/chem">JoVE Chemistry</a> described the <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52486/self-assembly-complex-two-dimensional-shapes-from-single-stranded-dna">self-assembly of single-stranded DNA tiles</a> into complex 2D shapes. This demonstrated the principles of DNA tiling as an approach for making programmable nanostructures.
June 2015 marked the release of JoVE's 100th issue, and in <a href="http://www.jove.com/behavior">JoVE Behavior</a>, we featured protocols for assessing cognition, including a method of <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52841/quantifying-learning-young-infants-tracking-leg-actions-during">quantifying learning in young infants</a> by tracking leg movements.
In July, <a href="http://www.jove.com/med">JoVE Medicine</a> presented a method for <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52717/">measuring halitosis in dogs</a> by taking breath samples, and performing gas chromatography. This assay could be used in trials of dog food formulated to fight bad breath in our canine companions.
In August, <a href="http://www.jove.com/bioengineering">JoVE Bioengineering</a> contained a protocol for <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/53271">bioengineering kidney tissues</a>. Kidneys are decellularized by perfusion, and repopulated with human renal cells, This promising technology can lead to kidney grafts made from a patient's own cells.
In September, <a href="http://www.jove.com/enviro">JoVE Environment</a> examined herbicide resistance, which threatens commercial crop production. An <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/53236/measuring-rates-herbicide-metabolism-dicot-weeds-with-an-excised-leaf">excised leaf assay</a> determines the rates of herbicide metabolism, which is useful for studying the metabolic basis of resistance.
In October, <a href="http://www.jove.com/neuro">JoVE Neuroscience</a> featured a method for <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/53080/">interfacing 3D neuronal cultures to micro-electrode arrays</a>. The complex 3D assemblies closely approximate in vivo neural networks.
November's edition of <a href="http://www.jove.com/behavior">JoVE Behavior</a> showcased the natural human ability to acquire new motor skills, which is central in a <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/52968">structured rehabilitation program for amputees</a> as they learn how to use multifunctional prosthetics.
In December, <a href="http://www.jove.com/i2">JoVE Immunology &#38; Infection</a> prepared us for the impending flu season with an easy protocol for <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/53313">sampling influenza in pigs</a>. Because swine are important hosts for flu viruses, this method helps to monitor virus evolution and currently circulating strains.
This Year in Review was just a sampling of more than 900 video-articles that JoVE published in 2015. Browse the JoVE archives for thousands of other videos, and come back each week to see brand-new material in <a href="http://www.jove.com">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.

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assessing dyslexia at six year of age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

This research sets out a proposed protocol for the identification of dyslexia. The protocol is based on diagnostic and response to intervention models. The proposal involves using structured interviews and standardized tests for the assessment of reading and writing performance and determinant...

classical short-delay eyeblink conditioning in one-year-old children

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

This protocol describes an eyeblink conditioning paradigm appropriate for experiments with one-year-old infants. Commercial or custom-made equipment can be used to deliver the stimuli, and data collection and analysis should be performed on the video recordings.

point-of-care ultrasound: a review of ultrasound parameters for predicting difficult airways

Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Review of Ultrasound Parameters for Predicting Difficult Airways

A point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a simple, non-invasive, and portable tool that enables dynamic airway assessment. Several studies have attempted to determine the role of ultrasound parameters as an adjunct to clinical examination in predicting difficult...

equipment setup and artifact removal for simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging for clinical review in epilepsy

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

This article details simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recording procedures that can be used in both clinical and research settings. EEG processing procedures to remove imaging artifacts for clinical review are also included. This study focuses on the example of epilepsy during the interictal...

systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of angong niuhuang pill in viral encephalitis

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis

behavioral assessment of hearing in 2 to 4 year-old children: a two-interval, observer-based procedure using conditioned play-based responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

This paper describes a procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity in 2 to 4 year-old children. Children are trained to perform play-based responses when they hear a target signal. Thresholds are then estimated in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, based on observations of the child&#39;s...

spinal hernia repair and cauda equina repositioning after lumbar decompression under three-dimensional microscopy: a case report and literature review

Author Spotlight: Successful Surgical Revision of Cauda Equina Herniation After Endoscopic L5-S1 Surgery

Dural hernia following spinal endoscopic surgery is a rare complication. Here, we report a case of nerve root hernia associated with the absence of dural repair, prolonged operation time, and increased abdominal pressure due to postoperative constipation. Early dural tear repair and monitoring postoperative constipation can help prevent cauda equina...

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

the adjuvant efficacy of angong niuhuang pill in the treatment of viral encephalitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Here, we present a protocol to analyze the effectiveness and safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the treatment of viral...

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Viral Encephalitis Treatments

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in vivo assessment of microtubule dynamics and orientation in caenorhabditis elegans neurons

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons

A protocol for imaging the dynamic microtubules in vivo using fluorescently labeled End binding protein has been presented. We described the methods to label, image, and analyze the dynamic microtubules in the Posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) neuron of C.

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons

data acquisition and analysis in brainstem evoked response audiometry in mice

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Brainstem evoked response audiometry is an important tool in clinical neurophysiology. Nowadays, brainstem evoked response audiometry is also applied in the basic science and preclinical studies involving both pharmacological and genetic animal models. Here we provide a detailed description of how auditory brainstem responses can be successfully recorded and analyzed in...

vagus nerve stimulation as an adjunctive neurostimulation tool in treatment-resistant depression

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to be effective as an adjunct treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). VNS leads to antidepressive and antisuicidal effects and quality of life improvements. This protocol offers a step-by-step guide to managing and adjusting a vagus nerve stimulator for efficient treatment of...

in situ soil moisture sensors in undisturbed soils

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

The determination of soil water content is a critical mission requirement for many state and federal agencies. This protocol synthesizes multi-agency efforts to measure soil water content using buried in situ...

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

a lightweight drive implant for chronic tetrode recordings in juvenile mice

Author Spotlight: A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice  

Here, we describe a micro-drive design, surgical implantation procedure, and post-surgery recovery strategy that allow for chronic field and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions simultaneously in juvenile and adolescent mice across a critical developmental window from postnatal day 20 (p20) to postnatal day 60 (p60) and...

A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice

precise brain mapping to perform repetitive in vivo imaging of neuro-immune dynamics in mice

Precise Brain Mapping to Perform Repetitive In Vivo Imaging of Neuro-Immune Dynamics in Mice

This protocol describes a chronic cranial window implantation technique that can be used for longitudinal imaging of neuro-glio-vascular structures, interactions, and function in both healthy and diseased conditions. It serves as a complementary alternative to the transcranial imaging approach that, while often preferred, possesses some critical...

sleeve gastrectomy in mice using surgical clips

Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips

The prevalence of diabetes and obesity is continuously increasing worldwide. The mechanisms between diabetes, obesity and their associated mortality and co-morbidities need to be further investigated. Here, we present a protocol for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in animals as an uncomplicated preclinical model of bariatric...

in vivo infection with leishmania amazonensis to evaluate parasite virulence in mice

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Here, we present a compiled protocol to evaluate the cutaneous infection of mice with Leishmania amazonensis. This is a reliable method for studying parasite virulence, allowing a systemic view of the vertebrate host response to the...

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

investigating alterations in caecum microbiota after traumatic brain injury in mice

Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Presented here is a protocol to induce diffuse traumatic brain injury using a lateral fluid percussion device followed by the collection of the caecum content for gut microbiome...

in vivo chronic two-photon imaging of microglia in the mouse hippocampus

In Vivo Chronic Two-Photon Imaging of Microglia in the Mouse Hippocampus

This paper describes a method for chronic in vivo observation of the resting microglia in the mouse hippocampal CA1 using precisely controlled surgery and two-photon...

In Vivo Chronic Two-Photon Imaging of Microglia in the Mouse Hippocampus

implantation of a cranial window for repeated in vivo imaging in awake mice

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Presented here is a protocol for the implantation of a chronic cranial window for the longitudinal imaging of brain cells in awake, head-restrained...

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

integration of brain tissue saturation monitoring in cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure

This protocol integrated near-infrared spectroscopy into conventional cardiopulmonary exercise testing to identify the involvement of the cerebral hemodynamic response in exercise intolerance in patients with heart...