著者は、そのサポートのためのトランスレーショナル イメージング moman が付いてウルム大学センターを感謝したいです。

研究プロトコルは 1975 ヘルシンキ宣言として事前承認機関の倫理委員会の倫理規定です。(CSI ウルム、clinicaltrials.gov NCT02162069) の研究に含まれているすべての個々 の参加者から書面によるインフォームド コンセントを得た。
1. CT 検査
<ol><li>心臓 CT の血管造影を行った 70 mL 0.9% 食塩水のフラッシュ ボーラス回顧心電図ゲーティング後 4.0 mL/秒の流量で注入された各種ヨード造影剤の 80 mL を使用して。</li>
	<li>アクイジション ・ パラメーターは次の鎖骨下動脈に大腿動脈から頭蓋尾拡張データを取得: 1 のスライス厚、512 × 512 ピクセルのマトリックスは、mm、0.7 mm の間隔をスライスします。</li>
	<li>反復再構成アルゴリズムを用いた心電図 R-R 間隔の 30% でイメージを再構築します。</li>
</ol>2. 画像の領域分割, モデル生成
<ol><li>外部デバイスまたはイメージ融合ソフトウェア ドラッグ アンド ドロップ データセットまたは患者に選択された患者のデータのサブセットに内部アーカイブ システムからインポート CT データは、アプリケーション内で表示します。</li>
	<li>一連のイメージをダブルクリックして CT、選択したボリュームの自動抽出を開始します。 注: 心腔 (左と右心室、左と右のアトリウム、心筋) と大血管 (腹部大動脈、下大静脈と冠静脈洞) の分割が自動的に開始、分割作業ステップに表示されます。</li>
	<li>イメージ スライスを通過し、大動脈と左心室のエッジと正しく検出され、必要に応じて編集を編集] ボタンを使用して組織の] ウィンドウで自動分割を確認します。</li>
	<li>追加構造の手動分割を実行するには、組織の] ウィンドウで[追加] ボタンを使用します。</li>
	<li>既存の編集ツールを使用して、構造 (注入色素) を埋めると 2 D ビューで構造 (ドラッグしてエッジ) の端をドラッグまたは 3 D ビューで自由形状カットの構造部品を削除します。</li>
	<li>左と右の冠状動脈、大動脈分岐 (右頸動脈と右鎖骨下動脈、左総頚動脈、左鎖骨下動脈と腕頭動脈)、左と右の主要なトランクの手動分割を実行します。腸骨大腿動脈、腰の骨、股関節 2.4 〜 2.5 (図 1) の手順で説明するよう。 注: CT のボリュームの品質に応じて 20 〜 30 分をかかることがありますこの。</li>
</ol>3. 画像の共同登録と融合
<ol><li>患者ビューでは XR システム、右クリック ・ コンテキスト ・ メニューでそれぞれの行動を選択することで選択した現在の患者症例をマージします。 注: 今登録とライブの作業手順はアクティブと、使用することができます。</li>
	<li>ライブステップ動作、大動脈弁尖環状平面の介入 (図中の最適な投影法を選択を容易にするために 3 つの参照のマーカーを配置するタグ ポイント] ウィンドウにタグを追加新しいポイントをクリックしてください2)。</li>
	<li>XR の実行を取得し、XR でセグメント化されたモデルの共同登録を行う登録作業手順に進みます。 注: XR で実行されますを買収 30 ° 角距離、信頼性の高い登録に必要。</li>
	<li>適切な穿刺での血管造影の投影をコピー 〜 ラオス 20-30 ° 方向 (または ~ ラオ 20-30 ° 初期によって穿刺側)参照ビュー 1 にコピーボタンをクリックして参照ビュー 1に。</li>
	<li>次の x 線投影コピーを取得 〜 ボタンをクリックして参照ビュー 2に対側A. iliaca 透過からA. 反射透過への遷移の可視化中に AP 方向参照ビュー 2 にコピー。</li>
	<li>相互作用ツール登録パン、登録回転(平面の回転)、(3 D 回転) 用の登録をロールバックを使用して取得した XR 突起 (と腸骨大腿動脈のモデルを手動で合わせる図 3 aB)。</li>
	<li>腸骨領域のオーバーレイの配置の間に追加のランドマークとして腰の骨や股関節の XR の画像に表示されているを使用します。 注: 今モデル XR システム ジオメトリにリンクされて、オーバーレイは自動的に現在の XR 投影方向、拡大、および患者のテーブルの位置に適応されています。</li>
	<li>鞘側 (図 3) 粗初期共同登録手順 3.6 を使用して総大腿動脈穿刺をガイドします。</li>
	<li>デバイス鞘大腿動脈の血管造影の投影を記録 〜 ラオ 20-30 ° (またはそれぞれ 〜 ラオス 20-30 °) で参照ビューをコピー ] ボタンをクリックと、腸骨大腿地域 (図 3 D) イメージの共同登録を完成します。 注: 患者は CT スキャンとの介入の間に違う場所に配置、ので腸骨構造に基づく登録は他の地域で限られた正確さを提供します。したがって、呼吸器領域における共同登録マニュアルの絞り込みが必要です。</li>
	<li>さらにオーバーレイの再配置のため、これらのデータを使用するには、右ラジアルを介して腕頭動脈の任意のカテーテル検査と同様に胸部に腸骨静脈系からの移行中に「参照ビュー」に任意の追加取得した予測をコピー動脈。</li>
	<li>大動脈弓のピグテール カテーテルを配置した後ラオス 30 - 40 ° とラオ 20 - 30 ° 方向でなく 2 つの透視投影を取得し、ビュー参照 1 、参照ビュー 2のコピーします。</li>
	<li>使用の相互作用ツール登録パン、登録回転(平面の回転)、(3 D 回転) の登録をロールバックを胸部 (図 4 a・ Bの登録を手動で調整するには).</li>
	<li>純粋な解剖学的オーバーレイ (図 4) に基づく追加の CA の管理なしに保護デバイスの配置をご案内します。</li>
	<li>絞り込むには、任意の時点での正確なオーバーレイを確保する介入の全体のコースの間に取得した各ステップ 3.12 XR 投影で説明されているように手動で、オーバーレイの位置を修正します。 注: は、オーバーレイの調整 (図 4) のランドマークとして配信システムの正しい位置を確認するための所定の手続きに従って取得した aortograms を使用します。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>S&#225;nchez, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Navigational+Guidance+and+Ablation+Planning+Tools+for+Interventional+Radiology.">Navigational Guidance and Ablation Planning Tools for Interventional Radiology.</a> Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology. 32 (2), 225-233 (2017).</li><li>Schwein, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+of+three-dimensional+magnetic+resonance+angiography-fluoroscopy+image+fusion+technique+in+guiding+complex+endovascular+aortic+procedures+in+patients+with+renal+insufficiency.">Feasibility of three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography-fluoroscopy image fusion technique in guiding complex endovascular aortic procedures in patients with renal insufficiency.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 65 (5), 1440-1452 (2017).</li><li>Ierardi, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fusion+of+CT+Angiography+or+MR+Angiography+with+Unenhanced+CBCT+and+Fluoroscopy+Guidance+in+Endovascular+Treatments+of+Aorto-Iliac+Steno-Occlusion:+Technical+Note+on+a+Preliminary+Experience.">Fusion of CT Angiography or MR Angiography with Unenhanced CBCT and Fluoroscopy Guidance in Endovascular Treatments of Aorto-Iliac Steno-Occlusion: Technical Note on a Preliminary Experience.</a> CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 39 (1), 111-116 (2015).</li><li>Sailer, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CTA+with+Fluoroscopy+Image+Fusion+Guidance+in+Endovascular+Complex+Aortic+Aneurysm+Repair.">CTA with Fluoroscopy Image Fusion Guidance in Endovascular Complex Aortic Aneurysm Repair.</a> European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 47 (4), 349-356 (2014).</li><li>McNally, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three+Dimensional+Fusion+CT+Decreases+Radiation+Exposure,+Procedure+Time+and+Contrast+Use+during+Fenestrated+Endovascular+Aortic+Repair.">Three Dimensional Fusion CT Decreases Radiation Exposure, Procedure Time and Contrast Use during Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 61 (2), 309-316 (2015).</li><li>Krishnaswamy, A., Tuzcu, E. M., Kapadia, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+MDCT+and+fluoroscopy+using+C-arm+computed+tomography+to+guide+structural+cardiac+interventions+in+the+cardiac+catheterization+laboratory.">Integration of MDCT and fluoroscopy using C-arm computed tomography to guide structural cardiac interventions in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.</a> Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 85 (1), 139-147 (2015).</li><li>Movassaghi, B., Rasche, V., Grass, M., Viergever, M. A., Niessen, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+quantitative+analysis+of+3-D+coronary+modeling+from+two+or+more+projection+images.">A quantitative analysis of 3-D coronary modeling from two or more projection images.</a> IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 23 (12), 1517-1531 (2004).</li><li>Vernikouskaya, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-guidance+for+transcatheter+aortic+valve+implantation+(TAVI)+and+cerebral+embolic+protection.">Image-guidance for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and cerebral embolic protection.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 249, 90-95 (2017).</li><li>Ramlawi, B., Anaya-Ayala, J. E., Reardon, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcatheter+Aortic+Valve+Replacement+(TAVR):+Access+Planning+and+Strategies.">Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Access Planning and Strategies.</a> Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal. 8 (2), 22-25 (2012).</li><li>W&#246;hrle, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transfemoral+Aortic+Valve+Implantation+with+the+New+Edwards+Sapien+3+Valve+for+Treatment+of+Severe+Aortic+Stenosis-Impact+of+Valve+Size+in+a+Single+Center+Experience.">Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation with the New Edwards Sapien 3 Valve for Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis-Impact of Valve Size in a Single Center Experience.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (3), e0151247 (2016).</li><li>Seeger, J., Gonska, B., Otto, M., Rottbauer, W., W&#246;hrle, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+Embolic+Protection+During+Transcatheter+Aortic+Valve+Replacement+Significantly+Reduces+Death+and+Stroke+Compared+With+Unprotected+Procedures.">Cerebral Embolic Protection During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Significantly Reduces Death and Stroke Compared With Unprotected Procedures.</a> JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 10 (22), 2297-2303 (2017).</li><li>Seeger, J., Gonska, B., Rodewald, C., Rottbauer, W., W&#246;hrle, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+suture+mediated+femoral+access+site+closure+with+the+Prostar+XL+compared+to+the+ProGlide+system+on+outcome+in+transfemoral+aortic+valve+implantation.">Impact of suture mediated femoral access site closure with the Prostar XL compared to the ProGlide system on outcome in transfemoral aortic valve implantation.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 223, 564-567 (2016).</li><li>Vernikouskaya, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+registration+of+3D+CT+angiography+(CTA)+with+X-ray+fluoroscopy+for+image+fusion+during+transcatheter+aortic+valve+implantation+(TAVI)+increases+performance+of+the+procedure.">Patient-specific registration of 3D CT angiography (CTA) with X-ray fluoroscopy for image fusion during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) increases performance of the procedure.</a> Clinical Research in Cardiology. , (2018).</li><li>Eng, M. 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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pre-operative+CT+and+non-contrast-enhanced+C-arm+CT+registration+framework+for+trans-catheter+aortic+valve+implantation.">A pre-operative CT and non-contrast-enhanced C-arm CT registration framework for trans-catheter aortic valve implantation.</a> Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 38 (8), 683-695 (2014).</li></ol>

に代わってすべての著者は、利害の対立として解釈される可能性が関係がない対応する作者の状態。

本研究の主な焦点は、臨床的に確立された TAVI ワークフローを変更することがなく場合の可能性を検討した.その場で改良と正確な 3 D モデルのオーバーレイを提供する複数の近似登録を用いて提案する共同登録事前介入の CTA データおよび XR 透視のためのゴールド スタンダードは、専用 aortograms8を使用しているに対し全体の介入の中に。
継続的な手動?...

画像の融合 (IF) は、異なる時間 - と参考1の単一フレームに異なるモダリティの視点で取得したデータセットをスーパーイン ポーズのプロセスです。XR は介入について最も頻繁に使用されるイメージ投射様相です。にもかかわらず、高時間・空間分解能を提供し、XR は低次元 (投影) には、解剖学的詳細を欠いています。高品質事前介入 CTA のデータ ライブ透視画像上にスーパーイン ポーズなどから派生した臓器の三次元形状モデルは関連する解剖学的軟部組織構造によって XR を強化できます。場合の必須の手順は、異なる画像モダリティの共同登録です。
通常、XR 透視の術前 3 D イメージ データセットの共同登録は2次の手法のいずれかを含む:) 3 D データセットに術前術中非造影/CBCT の画像ベースの 3 D 3 D 登録データセット、または3,4,5,6b) に 30 ° 角度間隔7,8の最小値 2 つの血管造影画像が使われる、2d/3d のイメージ ベースのダイレクト登録共同登録。
融合商業 XR システム、場合することができますパッケージの最近の導入をより容易にアプリケーションの広い範囲で利用可能に。これらのシステムを使用して、我々 は以前それが技術的に可能で安全大腿経カテーテル大動脈弁留置術 (TAVI)8をサポートするための直接イメージ ベース 2 D 3 D 登録による大動脈のルート モデルをオーバーレイすること示されています。脳保護デバイスの展開中、特に従来の XR 透視画像に 3 D 解剖学的詳細を追加することによって TAVI プロシージャ中で非常に貴重な証明した自体場合全体的な CA または XR 投与量を損なわずも。ただし、共同登録用 aortograms の追加取得は、追加の CA と XR 線量必要。したがって、任意の追加の aortograms を必要とせず場合正確を提供する最適化されたワークフローは非常に望ましかった。
ここでは、追加の任意の CA を必要とせずリアルタイム XR と事前介入の CTA の改良された共同登録へのアプローチを提案するまたは C アーム CT スキャン場合します。TAVI が演じられる大腿アクセス記載事項9,10,11のすべて。簡単に言えば、両方の大腿動脈は、: 対側の穿刺の指導のため 1 つは続いて; 人工弁の配置時に動脈造影を許可する 6F シースを介してピグテールのカテーテルの配置バルブ配信システムおよびその後バルーン弁形成術とデバイスの配置の配置を 2 番目の。(上大腿骨分岐) 穿刺の高さの局在とアクセス関連の場合屋根付きステントの位置の推定のためのケアの標準として当施設における適切な穿刺血管の確認を実行します。合併症12。塞栓の破片をキャプチャするため大動脈弓の通過前に TAVI 配信シースを挿入した後ダブル フィルター脳保護システムを導入、さらにデバイスに。
我々 は初期の共同登録を確立するのに胸痛大腿動脈穿刺中に日常的に実行を使用します。共同登録の場で洗練された supraaortal 血管大動脈内ピグテール カテーテル, ダブル フィルター脳塞栓保護システムの位置を使用して進行中の手順中に実行後、aortograms は、介入の中に任意の時点での正確なモデルのオーバーレイを確保、人工弁の移植前に実行されます。

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Philips Allura FD10&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;">x-ray system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:247px;">EP Navigator Release 5.2.10</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;">image segmentation and fusion SW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:247px;">Iomeron 350</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Bracco Imaging Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>x-ray contrast agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:41px;width:247px;">Sentinel&#160; double-filter cerebral protection system</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Claret Medical, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;">double-filter cerebral protection system&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;width:247px;">Matlab R2013</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">MathWorks</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>statistical analysis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

improved registration of 3d ct angiography with x-ray fluoroscopy for image fusion during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

3 D 解剖学的モデルの融合は、忠実度の高い事前介入断層造影 (CTA) から派生した、解剖学的指導を容易にする (XR) x 線透視は TAVI 手順のような複雑な心臓介入のための巨大な関心脳の保護。CTA は、XR の共同登録は追加術中非/造影コーンビーム計算された断層レントゲン写真撮影 (CBCT) または 2 つの独立した aortograms に基づいてどちらか導入されています。関連の露出および/またはコントラストのエージェント (CA) 線量の増加に伴い、患者のための潜在的な追加のリスクを導入します。ここでは、腸骨動脈、大腿穿刺と鞘の導入の間に定期的に実行の胸痛の変更された共同登録アプローチ活用を提案します。進行中のプロシージャの間に共同登録の場で絞り込み可能任意追加造影せず正確な重ねあわせ、CA、XR を減らす線量と手続き時間、オペレーター自信とプロシージャを同時に向上させながら安全性。

TAVI TAVI プロシージャ全体では任意の追加の aortograms を必要とせずに XR の画像をライブに患者固有の解剖学的モデルをオーバーレイすることができます中に画像融合の新しい共同登録アプローチを紹介しました。
IF からお越しの介入のいくつかの手順: (図 5 a); 鞘側大腿骨の分岐上総大腿動脈穿刺の (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at JoVE.com

Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

経カテーテル大動脈弁留置中画像融合 3次元 CT 血管造影 x 線透視との登録を改善

本研究の目的は、大腿経カテーテル大動脈弁留置術 (TAVI) 中 (XR) リアルタイム x 線透視と事前介入の CT データの画像融合 (IF) の共同登録を改善するためにだった。

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to ...

improved-registration-3d-ct-angiography-with-x-ray-fluoroscopy-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.3K ビュー.  Ulm University Medical Center. 本研究の目的は、大腿経カテーテル大動脈弁留置術 (TAVI) 中 (XR) リアルタイム x 線透視と事前介入の CT データの画像融合 (IF) の共同登録を改善するためにだった。

ビデオ: Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Intracranial Implantation with Subsequent 3D In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Murine Gliomas

The mouse glioma 261 (GL261) is recognized as an in vivo model system that recapitulates many of the features of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The cell line was originally induced by intracranial injection of 3-methyl-cholantrene into a C57BL/6 syngeneic mouse strain 1; therefore, immunologically competent C57BL/6 mice can be used. While we use GL261, the following protocol can be used for the implantation and monitoring of any intracranial mouse tumor model. GL261 cells were engineered to stably express firefly luciferase (GL261-luc). We also created the brighter GL261-luc2 cell line by stable transfection of the luc2 gene expressed from the CMV promoter. C57BL/6-cBrd/cBrd/Cr mice (albino variant of C57BL/6) from the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD were used to eliminate the light attenuation caused by black skin and fur. With the use of albino C57BL/6 mice; in vivo imaging using the IVIS Spectrum in vivo imaging system is possible from the day of implantation (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA). The GL261-luc and GL261-luc2 cell lines showed the same in vivo behavior as the parental GL261 cells. Some of the shared histological features present in human GBMs and this mouse model include: tumor necrosis, pseudopalisades, neovascularization, invasion, hypercellularity, and inflammation 1.
Prior to implantation animals were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg), placed in a stereotactic apparatus and an incision was made with a scalpel over the cranial midline. A burrhole was made 0.1mm posterior to the bregma and 2.3mm to the right of the midline. A needle was inserted to a depth of 3mm and withdrawn 0.4mm to a depth of 2.6mm. Two &mu;l of GL261-luc or GL261-luc2 cells (107 cells/ml) were infused over the course of 3 minutes. The burrhole was closed with bonewax and the incision was sutured.
Following stereotactic implantation the bioluminescent cells are detectable from the day of implantation and the tumor can be analyzed using the 3D image reconstruction feature of the IVIS Spectrum instrument. Animals receive a subcutaneous injection of 150&mu;g luciferin /kg body weight 20 min prior to imaging. Tumor burden is quantified using mean tumor bioluminescence over time. Tumor-bearing mice were observed daily to assess morbidity and were euthanized when one or more of the following symptoms are present: lethargy, failure to ambulate, hunched posture, failure to groom, anorexia resulting in &gt;10% loss of weight. Tumors were evident in all of the animals on necropsy.

Intracranial Implantation with Subsequent 3D In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Murine Gliomas

Intracranial implantation of GL261 cells into C57BL/6 mice produces malignant gliomas that recapitulate many of the hallmarks of human glioblastoma multiforme. We used GL261 cells stably expressing luciferase to allow us to use in vivo imaging to follow tumor progression. The surgery and 3D in vivo imaging are demonstrated.

その後の3Dと頭蓋内注入インビボでの</emマウス神経膠腫の>生物発光イメージング

The mouse glioma 261 (GL261) is recognized as an in vivo model system that recapitulates many of the features of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The ...

医学

Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 dimensional&#160;(3D) diagnostic imaging in the interventional suite and can enhance minimally-invasive therapy beyond the limitations of 2D angiography alone. The role of CBCT has been recognized in transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recent introduction of a CBCT technique: dual-phase CBCT (DP-CBCT) improves intra-arterial HCC treatment with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE). DP-CBCT can be used to localize liver tumors with the diagnostic accuracy of multi-phasic multidetector computed tomography (M-MDCT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) (See the tumor), to guide intra-arterially guidewire and microcatheter to the desired location for selective therapy (Reach the tumor), and to evaluate treatment success during the procedure (Treat the tumor). The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate how DP-CBCT is used in DEB-TACE to see, reach, and treat HCC.

Dual-phase cone-beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) is a useful intraprocedural imaging technique for transarterial chemo-embolization treatment with drug-eluting beads of hepatocellular carcinoma. DP-CBCT has been used to perform three major steps in oncologic interventional radiology: tumor localization (see), navigation and intraprocedural catheter guidance (reach), and intraprocedural evaluation of treatment success (treat).

デュアルフェーズコーンビームコンピュータ断層撮影法は、参照達し、薬剤溶出ビーズ塞栓化学及血塞栓中に肝細胞癌の治療に

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 ...

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

In patients with small aortic roots who need an aortic valve replacement with biological valve substitutes, the implantation of the stented pericardial valve might not meet the functional needs. The implantation of a too-small stented pericardial valve, leading to an effective orifice area indexed to a body surface area less than 0.85 cm2/m2, is regarded as prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM). A PPM negatively affects the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and thus the normalization of left ventricular function and the alleviation of symptoms. Persistent left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In the case of predictable PPM, there are three options: 1) accept the PPM resulting from the implantation of a stented pericardial valve when comorbidities of the patient forbid the more technically demanding operative technique of implanting a larger prosthesis, 2) enlarge the aortic root to accommodate a larger stented valve substitute, or 3) implant a stentless biological valve or a homograft. Compared to classical aortic valve replacement with stented pericardial valves, the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts offers the possibility of implanting a 3-4 mm larger valve in a given patient, thus allowing significant reduction in transvalvular gradients. However, a number of cardiac surgeons are reluctant to transform a classical aortic valve replacement with stented pericardial valves into the more technically challenging full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts. Given the potential hemodynamic advantages of stentless aortic xenografts, we have adopted full-root implantation to avoid PPM in patients with small aortic roots necessitating an aortic valve replacement. Here, we describe in detail a technique for the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts, with emphasis on the management of the proximal suture line and coronary anastomoses. Limitations of this technique and alternative options are discussed.

Full-root aortic valve replacement by stentless aortic xenograft is a viable option in patients with small aortic roots. We describe, a technique for the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts, with emphasis on the management of the proximal suture line and coronary anastomoses, and discuss its limitations and alternative options.

小型大動脈瘤患者におけるステントレス大動脈異種移植による全大動脈弁置換術

In patients with small aortic roots who need an aortic valve replacement with biological valve substitutes, the implantation of the stented pericardial ...

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Despite the obvious advantages of the preservation of a normal aortic valve during aortic root replacement, the complexity of valve sparing procedures prevents a number of cardiac surgeons from incorporating them into their practice. The aim of this protocol is to describe a simplified and user-friendly technique of an aortic valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR) procedure by re-implantation of the aortic valve. Proper selection of patients and limitations of the technique are discussed.
In 54 consecutive patients, normal appearing aortic valves were re-implanted in a commercially available polyester prosthesis with pre-shaped sinuses by a simplified and standardized technique. Placement of the first row of the proximal suture line, choice of the prosthesis size, and adjustment of the height of the commissures of the patient to the fixed height of the sinus portion of the prosthesis were slightly modified from the reference techniques with the aim of increasing its feasibility for use by other cardiac surgeons. Early mortality and morbidity as well as 5-year survival, freedom from aortic valve reoperation, and freedom from recurrent moderate regurgitation were collected in all patients.
Thirty-day mortality, re-sternotomy for bleeding, re-sternotomy for mediastinitis, and the incidence of stroke were very low, 1.8% for each (1 of 54). No patient required permanent pace-maker implantation. At 5 years, survival, freedom from aortic valve reoperation, and freedom from recurrent moderate regurgitation were 97.5%, 95.2%, and 91.6%, respectively.
Mid-term results of our standardized technique of re-implantation of the aortic valve for valve-sparing aortic root replacement are very good and compare with more complex techniques reported by experienced surgeons. By following the present protocol of the standardized re-implantation technique, a greater number of cardiac surgeons can perform this procedure with comparable good results.

Valve-sparing aortic root replacement has the advantage of preserving the patient&#39;s own aortic valve. The complexity of the reported techniques to date restricts their use to a limited number of cardiac surgeons. This protocol describes step-by-step a standardized technique reproducible by a greater number of cardiac surgeons.

弁温存大動脈の大動脈弁再置換術の標準化された技術のルート交換

Despite the obvious advantages of the preservation of a normal aortic valve during aortic root replacement, the complexity of valve sparing procedures ...

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Angiography is an essential tool for the study of vascular structures in various research fields. The aim of this study is to introduce a simple angiographic method for examining the fine vascular structure of unfixed, fresh tissue using a silicone rubber injection compound and soft tissue X-ray system. This study is especially focused on flap territories used in reconstructive surgery. This study employs angiography with a silicone rubber injection compound in various experimental conditions using Sprague-Dawley rats. First, 15 mL of MV compound and 15 mL of diluent is mixed. Then, 1.5 mL of the curing agent is prepared, and a 24G catheter is cannulated in the common carotid artery of the rat. A three-way stopcock is then connected to a catheter, and the radiopaque agent, after being mixed with the prepared curing agent, is injected immediately without spillage. Finally, as the agent solidifies, the specimen is harvested, and an angiographic image is obtained using a soft tissue X-ray system. This method indicates that high-quality angiography showing fine vascular structures can be easily and simply obtained within in a short period of time.

This study presents a simple two-dimensional angiographic method to examine fine vascular structures using a silicone rubber injection compound and soft tissue X-ray system.

シリコーン ゴム射出化合物を用いた微細血管構造を調べるための二次元 x 線血管造影

Angiography is an essential tool for the study of vascular structures in various research fields. The aim of this study is to introduce a simple ...

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used for the treatment of spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches have been applied to this technique with an associated decrease in estimated blood loss (EBL), length of hospital stay, and infection rates, while preserving outcomes with traditional open surgery. Previous MIS TLIF techniques involve significant fluoroscopy that subjects the patient, surgeon, and operating room staff to non-trivial levels of radiation exposure, particularly for complex multi-level procedures. We present a technique that utilizes an intraoperative computed tomography (CT) scan to aid in placement of pedicle screws, followed by traditional fluoroscopy for confirmation of cage placement. Patients are positioned in the standard fashion and a reference arc is placed in the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) followed by intraoperative CT scan. This allows for image-guidance-based placement of pedicle screws through a one-inch skin incision on each side. Unlike traditional MIS-TLIF that requires significant fluoroscopic imaging during this stage, the operation can now be performed without any additional radiation exposure to the patient or operating room staff. After completion of the facetectomy and discectomy, final TLIF cage placement is confirmed with fluoroscopy. This technique has the potential to decrease operative time and minimize total radiation exposure.

The purpose of this article is to provide image-guidance for minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion.

最小侵襲性トランスフォラミン間融合のためのコーンビーム術内コンピュータ断層撮影ベースの画像ガイダンス

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used for the treatment of spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. ...

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity for cancer cell receptors. After injection, the radiotracer is distributed throughout the entire body, with a higher uptake in tissues where targeted receptors are overexpressed. The use of beta/gamma radionuclide emitters enables therapy imaging (beta-emission) and post-therapy imaging (gamma-emission) to be performed at the same time. Post-treatment sequential images permit absorbed dose calculation based on local uptake and wash-in/wash-out kinetics. We implemented a hybrid method that combines information derived from both 2D and 3D images. Serial whole-body images and blood samples are acquired to estimate the absorbed dose to different organs at risk and to lesions disseminated throughout the body. A single 3D-SPECT/CT image, limited to the abdominal region, overcomes projection overlap on planar images of different structures such as the intestines and kidneys. The hybrid 2D+3D-SPECT/CT method combines the effective half-life information derived from 2D planar images with the local uptake distribution derived from 3D images. We implemented this methodology to estimate the absorbed dose for patients undergoing PRRT with 177Lu-PSMA-617. The methodology could, however, be implemented with other beta-gamma radiotracers. To date, 10 patients have been enrolled into the dosimetry study with 177Lu-PSMA-617 combined with drug protectors for kidneys and salivary glands (mannitol and glutamate tablets, respectively). The median ratio between kidney uptake at 24 h evaluated on planar images and 3D-SPECT/CT is 0.45 (range:0.32-1.23). The comparison between hybrid and full 3D approach has been tested on one patient, resulting in a 1.6% underestimation with respect to full 3D (2D: 0.829 mGy/MBq, hybrid: 0.315 mGy/MBq, 3D: 0.320 mGy/MBq). Treatment safety has been confirmed, with a mean absorbed dose of 0.73 mGy/MBq (range:0.26-1.07) for kidneys, 0.56 mGy/MBq (0.33-2.63) for the parotid glands and 0.63 mGy/MBq (0.23-1.20) for submandibular glands, values in accordance with previously published data.

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

This method estimates the absorbed dose of different structures for peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PRRT) with the possibility of avoiding organ overlap on 2D-projections. Serial whole-body planar images permit estimation of mean absorbed doses along the whole body, while the hybrid approach, combining planar images and 3D-SPECT/CT image, overcomes the limitations of structure overlapping.

ペプチド受容体放射性核種療法のための全身線種測定プロトコル(PRRT):2D平面画像とハイブリッド2D+3D SPECT/CT画像法

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity ...

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

In the United States, more than 80% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms are treated by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The endovascular approach warrants good early results, but adequate follow-up imaging after EVAR is imperative to maintain long-term positive outcomes. Potential graft-related complications are graft migration, infection, fraction, and endoleaks, with the last one being the most common. The most frequently used imaging after EVAR is computed tomography angiography (CTA) and duplex ultrasound. Dynamic, time-resolved computed tomography angiography (d-CTA) is a reasonably new technique to characterize the endoleaks. Multiple scans are done sequentially around the endograft during acquisition that grants good visualization of the contrast passage and graft-related complications. This high diagnostic accuracy of d-CTA can be implemented into therapy via image fusion and reduce additional radiation and contrast material exposure.
This protocol describes the technical aspects of this modality: patient selection, preliminary image review, d-CTA scan acquisition, image processing, qualitative and quantitative endoleak characterization. The steps of integrating dynamic CTA into intra-operative fluoroscopy using 2D-3D fusion-imaging to facilitate targeted embolization are also demonstrated. In conclusion, time-resolved, dynamic CTA is an ideal modality for endoleak characterization with additional quantitative analysis. It can reduce radiation and iodinated contrast material exposure during endoleak treatment by guiding interventions.

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

Dynamic computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging provides additional diagnostic value in characterizing aortic endoleaks. This protocol describes a qualitative and quantitative approach using time-attenuation curve analysis to characterize endoleaks. The technique of integrating dynamic CTA imaging with fluoroscopy using 2D-3D image fusion is illustrated for better image guidance during treatment.

大動脈内漏れの特性評価と2D-3D融合イメージング による 治療ガイダンスのための時間分解、動的コンピュータ断層撮影血管造影

In the United States, more than 80% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms are treated by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The endovascular approach ...

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures inner ear potentials generated in response to acoustic stimulation of the ear. These potentials reflect the residual function of the cochlea. In cochlear implant candidates with residual hearing, the implant electrode can directly measure ECochG responses during the implantation process. Various authors have described the ability to monitor the inner ear function by continuous ECochG measurements during the surgery. The measurement of ECochG signals during surgery is not trivial. There are no interpretable signals in up to 20% of cases. For a successful recording, a standardized procedure is recommended to achieve the highest measurement reliability and avoid possible pitfalls. Therefore, seamless collaboration between the CI surgeon and CI technician is key. This video consists of an overview of the system setup and a stepwise procedure of performing intracochlear ECochG measurements during CI surgery. It shows the surgeon's and the CI technician's roles in the process, and how a smooth collaboration between the two is made possible.

Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures inner ear potentials generated in response to acoustic stimulation. In cochlear implant (CI) candidates, such inner ear potentials can be measured directly with the implant electrodes. In this video, we systematically explain how to perform ECochG recordings during CI surgery.

蝸牛移植中の蝸牛内電気蝸牛造影の実施

Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures inner ear potentials generated in response to acoustic stimulation of the ear. These potentials reflect the ...

Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement

The measurements of the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA), for selecting the optimal prosthesis size for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), vary considerably. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging for device size prediction is insufficient to assess the displacement of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and PA, which could increase the risk of stent misplacement and paravalvular leak. The aim of this study is to provide a dynamic model to visualize and quantify the anatomy of the RVOT to PA over the entire cardiac cycle by four-dimensional (4D) cardiac CT reconstruction to obtain an accurate quantitative evaluation of the required valve size. In this pilot study, cardiac CT from sheep J was chosen to illustrate the procedures. 3D cardiac CT was imported into 3D reconstruction software to build a 4D sequence which was divided into eleven frames over the cardiac cycle to visualize the deformation of the heart. Diameter, cross-sectional area, and circumference of five imaging planes at the main PA, sinotubular junction, sinus, basal plane of the pulmonary valve (BPV), and RVOT were measured at each frame in 4D straightened models prior to valve implantation to predict the valve size. Meanwhile, dynamic changes in the RV volume were also measured to evaluate right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). 3D measurements at the end of the diastole were obtained for comparison with the 4D measurements. In sheep J, 4D CT measurements from the straightened model resulted in the same choice of valve size for TPVR (30 mm) as 3D measurements. The RVEF of sheep J from pre-CT was 62.1 %. In contrast with 3D CT, the straightened 4D reconstruction model not only enabled accurate prediction for valve size selection for TPVR but also provided an ideal virtual reality, thus presenting a promising method for TPVR and the innovation of TPVR devices.

This study assessed a new methodology with a straightened model generated from the four-dimensional cardiac computed tomography sequence to obtain the desired measurements for valve sizing in the application of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.

経カテーテル肺弁交換のための4次元コンピュータ断層撮影ガイド付きバルブサイジング

The measurements of the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA), for selecting the optimal prosthesis size for transcatheter pulmonary valve ...