<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/55124">Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives</a></h2>Oleg V. Kulikov, Dumindika A. Siriwardane, Gregory T. McCandless, Samsuddin F. Mahmood, Bruce M. NovakDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at DallasHere, we present a protocol to prepare and visualize secondary structures (e.g., fibers, toroidal architectures, and nano-spheres) derived from helical polycarbodiimides. The morphology characterized by both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was shown to depend on molecular structure, concentration, and the solvent of choice.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/55291">Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster. </a></h2>Christine L. Boutros*1, Lauren E. Miner*1, Ofer Mazor2,3, Stephen X. Zhang31F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children&#8217;s Hospital, 2Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, 3Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolThis article describes a behavioral assay that uses male mating drive in Drosophila melanogaster to study motivation. Using this method, researchers can utilize advanced fly neurogenetic techniques to uncover the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie this motivation.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/54920">Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life</a></h2>Alexandra Linnemann, Jana Strahler, Urs M. NaterDepartment of Psychology, Division of Clinical Biopsychology, University of MarburgA study protocol is presented on how to assess associations between music listening and psychobiological stress (as measured by subjective stress levels, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase) in daily life. Advice on study design, materials, methods, selection of participants, and statistical handling is provided. Representative results are presented and discussed. <h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/55099">Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice</a></h2>Altea Rocchi, Congcong HeDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern UniversityAutophagy activation is beneficial in the prevention of a number of diseases. One of the physiological approaches to induce autophagy in vivo is physical exercise. Here we show how to activate autophagy by aerobic exercise and measure autophagy levels in mice.

jove monthly highlights: february 2017

Here's a look at what's coming up in the February 2017 issue of <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.
After a long day at the bench, who doesn't love to let their hair down and listen to a little music? In <a href="https://www.jove.com/behavior">JoVE Behavior</a> this month <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/54920/assessing-effects-music-listening-on-psychobiological-stress-daily">our Authors</a> reveal methods for quantifying the effect of music listening on levels of psychobiological stress. Using assessment of subjective stress levels as well as salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase levels to measure HPA* and ANS* function, the authors show how the effect of music on stress can be tested in a daily-life setting, outside the conventional laboratory. So relax...no need to feel guilty about that Backstreet boys album you've been dancing to in the lab...it's for science!
Keeping the momentum going into our second spotlight article this month, in <a href="http://www.jove.com/biology">JoVE Biology</a> <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/55099/activating-autophagy-by-aerobic-exercise-in-mice">our Authors</a> investigate the link between aerobic exercise and autophagy. Autophagy is the essential pathway that targets unused or damaged cellular components for degradation and nutrient recycling, and is critical to maintaining healthy cells. By encouraging mice to undertake treadmill exercise or wheel running, our authors demonstrate that autophagy can be stimulated in vivo and quantified in various tissues including muscle, liver, heart and brain. So running to that faculty meeting was for exercise, not because you were late...right? 
Next up, we switch gears from self-recycling to self-assembly as we showcase the amazing nanostructures of helical polycarbodiiamides. In <a href="http://www.jove.com/chem">JoVE Chemistry</a> this month, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/55124/self-assembling-morphologies-obtained-from-helical-polycarbodiimide">our Authors</a> constructed protein-like macromolecules that self-assemble into unique architectures such as donuts, ribbons, spheres, or helices. Characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the polycarbodiiamides form predictable secondary structures based on their molecular structure, concentration, and solvent...making them ideal candidates for biosensors or drug carriers. I wonder if they come in strawberry or banana flavor, too?
In the month of Valentines and love, our final February highlight turns to...mating drive in Drosophila. In <a href="http://www.jove.com/neuro">JoVE Neuroscience</a>, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/55291/measuring-and-altering-mating-drive-in-male-drosophila-melanogaster">our Authors</a> describe a behavioral assay that uses male mating drive to investigate the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of motivation. Using studies of male fruit flies mated over several days, small neuronal populations associated with specific motivational functions can be identified. These clusters can then be manipulated to alter courtship drive via the stimulation of dopaminergic neurons. Or they can just bring you a tiny box of chocolates, your call.
You've just had a sneak peek of the February 2017 issue of <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE</a>. Visit the website to see the full-length articles, plus many more, in <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about JoVE Monthly Highlights: February 2017 at JoVE.com

JoVE Monthly Highlights: February 2017

Here's a look at what's coming up in the February 2017 issue of JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.
After a long day at the bench, who doesn't ...

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direct injection of a lentiviral vector highlights multiple motor pathways in the rat spinal cord

Direct Injection of a Lentiviral Vector Highlights Multiple Motor Pathways in the Rat Spinal Cord

This protocol demonstrates injection of a retrogradely transportable viral vector into rat spinal cord tissue. The vector is taken up at the synapse and transported to the cell body of target neurons. This model is suitable for retrograde tracing of important spinal pathways or targeting cells for gene therapy...

occlusion of the great and small saphenous vein using copolymeric glue based on n-butyl cyanoacrylate and methacryloxy sulfolane

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane

Here, we present a protocol to treat the great saphenous vein (GSV) and the small saphenous vein (SSV) affected by severe pathological reflux, using an original sclerosing and embolizing cyanoacrylate-based glue composed of N-butyl cyanoacrylate and methacryloxy sulfolane (NBCA+MS).

investigating the relationship between sea surface chlorophyll and major features of the south china sea with satellite information

Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information

Sea surface chlorophyll, temperature, sea level height, wind, and front data obtained or derived from satellite observations offer an effective way to characterize the ocean. Presented is a method for the comprehensive study of these data, including overall average, seasonal cycle, and intercorrelation analyses, to fully understand regional dynamics...

cox-maze iv procedure concomitant with valvular surgery in situs inversus dextrocardia: a single-center experience in china

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China

We summarize the Cox-Maze IV procedure concomitant with valvular surgery performed in patients with situs inversus dextrocardia at this...

diagnosis and surgical treatment of human brucellar spondylodiscitis

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

We describe a clinical algorithm, based on decades of front-line experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of human Brucellar spondylodiscitis in the largest medical center of the China's Xinjiang Pastoral...

an open source technology platform to manufacture hydrogel-based 3d culture models in an automated and standardized fashion

An Open Source Technology Platform to Manufacture Hydrogel-Based 3D Culture Models in an Automated and Standardized Fashion

This protocol serves as a comprehensive tutorial for standardized and reproducible mixing of viscous materials with a novel open source automation technology. Detailed instructions are provided on the operation of a newly developed open source workstation, the usage of an open source protocol designer, and the validation and verification to identify reproducible...

in vivo assessment of microtubule dynamics and orientation in caenorhabditis elegans neurons

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons

A protocol for imaging the dynamic microtubules in vivo using fluorescently labeled End binding protein has been presented. We described the methods to label, image, and analyze the dynamic microtubules in the Posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) neuron of C.

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons

multiplex therapeutic drug monitoring by isotope-dilution hplc-ms/ms of antibiotics in critical illnesses

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Here we present a tandem mass spectrometry-based protocol for the quantification of frequently used antibiotics in intensive care units, namely cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and...

global level quantification of histone post-translational modifications in a 3d cell culture model of hepatic tissue

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

This protocol outlines how a three-dimensional cell culture system can be used to model, treat, and analyze chromatin modifications in a near-physiological...

a novel approach to overcome movement artifact when using a laser speckle contrast imaging system for alternating speeds of blood microcirculation

A Novel Approach to Overcome Movement Artifact When Using a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System for Alternating Speeds of Blood Microcirculation

This study introduces a novel technique for the measurement and analysis of alternating speeds of blood microcirculation in a single experiment using a laser speckle contrast...

inner mitochondrial membrane sensitivity to na+ reveals partially segmented functional coq pools

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

This protocol describes a comparative assay, using mitochondrial complex activities CI+CIII and CII+CIII in the presence or absence of Na+, to study the existence of partially segmented functional CoQ...

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

cortisol extraction from sturgeon fin and jawbone matrices

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

In this study, we present a protocol for cortisol extraction from the fin and jawbone of sturgeon species. Fin and jawbone cortisol levels were further examined by comparing two washing solvents followed by ELISA assays. This study piloted the feasibility of jawbone cortisol as a novel stress...

direct comparison of hyperspectral stimulated raman scattering and coherent anti-stokes raman scattering microscopy for chemical imaging

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

This paper directly compares the resolution, sensitivity, and imaging contrasts of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) integrated into the same microscope platform. The results show that CARS has a better spatial resolution, SRS gives better contrasts and spectral resolution, and both methods have similar sensitivity.

technical refinement of a bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion mouse model for acute kidney injury research

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

This study established a protocol focusing on the technical refinement of a mouse model of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion for acute kidney injury...

sample preparation to bioinformatics analysis of dna methylation: association strategy for obesity and related trait studies

Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies

The present study describes the workflow to manage DNA methylation data obtained by microarray technologies. The protocol demonstrates steps from sample preparation to data analysis. All procedures are described in detail, and the video shows the significant...

mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses using the openprot database to unveil novel proteins translated from non-canonical open reading frames

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames

OpenProt is a freely accessible database that enforces a polycistronic model of eukaryotic genomes. Here, we present a protocol for the use of OpenProt databases when interrogating mass spectrometry datasets. Using OpenProt database for analysis of proteomic experiments allows for discovery of novel and previously undetectable proteins.

expedited radiation biodosimetry by automated dicentric chromosome identification (adci) and dose estimation

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

The cytogenetic dicentric chromosome (DC) assay quantifies exposure to ionizing radiation. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator software accurately and rapidly estimates biological dose from DCs in metaphase cells. It distinguishes monocentric chromosomes and other objects from DCs, and estimates biological radiation dose from the frequency of...

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (ADCI) and Dose Estimation

standardized hemorrhagic shock induction guided by cerebral oximetry and extended hemodynamic monitoring in pigs

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs

Hemorrhagic shock is a severe complication in seriously injured patients, which leads to life-threatening oxygen undersupply. We present a standardized method to induce hemorrhagic shock via blood withdrawal in pigs that is guided by hemodynamics and microcirculatory cerebral oxygenation.

analysis of sec-saxs data via efa deconvolution and scatter

Analysis of SEC-SAXS data via EFA deconvolution and Scatter

SEC-BioSAXS measurements of biological macromolecules are a standard approach for determining solution structure of macromolecules and their complexes. Here, we analyze SEC-BioSAXS data from two types of commonly encountered SEC traces&#8212;chromatograms with fully resolved and partially resolved peaks. We demonstrate the analysis and deconvolution using scatter and BioXTAS...

streamlined sampling and cultivation of the pelagic cosmopolitan larvacean, oikopleura dioica

Streamlined Sampling and Cultivation of the Pelagic Cosmopolitan Larvacean, Oikopleura dioica

Oikopleura dioica is a tunicate model organism in various fields of biology. We describe sampling methods, species identification, culturing setup, and culturing protocols for the animals and algal feed. We highlight key factors that helped strengthen the culture system and discuss the possible problems and...

Streamlined Sampling and Cultivation of the Pelagic Cosmopolitan Larvacean, Oikopleura dioica

August 2012: This Month in JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens free lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.
Back in 2009, the Ozcan lab published their first article, which demonstrated the use of a lens-free imaging platform that could image cells within whole blood. This imaging technique involves placing a sample directly on an optoelectric sensor array, like the CCD or CMOS chips found in the standard camcorder. Then, LED illumination from above the sample casts shadows on the chip, which are recorded as digital holograms that can be subjected to image processing. Not only does this lensless imaging system allow for an extremely large field of view (FOV of 0.6-8 cm2), the lack of bulky optical components makes it excellent for microfluidic applications. The Ozcan group demonstrates this in their follow-up 2011 JoVE article, in which fluorescently labeled white blood cells are imaged within a microfluidic chip.
This August in JoVE, the Ozcan group demonstrates further advancements to their lens-free microscopy platform by applying it to tomographic imaging of the nematode, C. elegans. By changing the angle of illumination, using a motorized rotation stage, the Ozcan group shows how multiple holographic slices may be generated for a sample-which, following processing, can be combined into tomograms. The Ozcan group confirms that their 3D reconstruction of the worm is successful by citing that the pharyngeal tube, a 5-micron-thick structure, is only visible in a single slice and in a 3D reconstructed cross section.
The compact and inexpensive nature of the lens-free imaging systems - designed and assembled by the Ozcan group - make them well suited for point-of-care diagnostic applications, or even cell phone based microscopy that can be performed in the field.
At the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at University of California, San Francisco JoVE learns how to visualize morphological changes in single cells using three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy and computer analysis. In this procedure, cells are given agonist, antagonist plus agonist, or no treatment, and prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. Three-dimensional images are acquired with the help of a two-photon laser system, and the fluorescence data are processed on the computer using Imaris and Matlab.
To demonstrate the power of this technique, our authors quantify single-cell phenotypic changes in transfected HEK293 cells. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis shows dramatic changes in cells treated with agonist. These changes are not always apparent when using conventional 2D analysis. This technique allows morphological changes in single cells to be quantified and characterized in response to pharmacologic stimuli, offering a powerful new assessment tool to the arsenal of drug discovery research.
This month, in JoVE Applied Physics, we travel to South Carolina to visit the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University. Here, researchers show us how to construct lithium batteries for laboratory research.
The basic components of a lithium coin cell are the working electrode, the lithium electrolyte, and a lithium foil counter electrode. The different components of the coin cell are carefully assembled and sealed with a crimping machine. The finished coin cell can then be characterized in a battery tester. Using their homemade coin cells, our researchers can experiment with using different materials to make the cathodes of lithium coin cells.
This month in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we head to Basel, Switzerland to witness two techniques for diagnosing helminth infections. We also see how investigators perform the shuttle run test in children, in order to assess the effects of these infections on physical fitness.
Helminths are parasitic worms that can live inside humans and animals. Many species infect the intestinal tract, and may be transmitted through soil. Our authors demonstrate the Kato-Katz technique, which is used for diagnosing several common soil-transmitted helminths. They also demonstrate the Baermann technique, which uses light to stimulate the migration of certain types of phototactic helminths out of sample preparations. The various types of helminth species can subsequently be determined based on morphology.
Our authors then demonstrate how to set up and perform a 20-meter shuttle run test for children, and to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness. This method can help determine the true burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections on overall health.
This brief summary highlights but a few notable video-articles that will be released in August. We'll also feature articles that demonstrate how to express genes in the midbrain of the chick embryo, study neutrophil transmigration in parallel flow chambers lined with endothelial cells, and precisely measure proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

2012: A Year In Review

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE reached a major milestone by publishing our 1500th article. In this publication, in JoVE Bioengineering, Yu et al. described a method for analyzing the free radical composition of cigarette smoke. This method simulated cigarette puffing with a single-port smoking device, and combined it with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure the degree to which antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke. A possible outcome of this research is the creation of less harmful cigarettes.
JoVE Bioengineering also contained the most-viewed article of 2012. Owczarczak et al. described a method for hacking a standard inkjet printer, loading ink cartridges with a cell-suspension "bioink," and printing lines of live cells onto glass slides. The thermal inkjet printing process creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, visualized by the incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin monomers. This concept, called "bioprinting," has many potential applications in cell and tissue engineering.
Also in 2012, JoVE Bioengineering featured a protocol by Hsia et al. for isolating and purifying spider silk protein, spinning it into fibers, and assessing the fiber strength. This protocol for laboratory-scale production of spider silk, which is stronger than tensile steel, can potentially be extended to large-scale manufacturing.
In JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine, we featured a number of articles related to stroke, one of which. In one article, M&ouml;bius-Winkler et al. demonstrated placement of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device from Boston Scientific. This device is designed to prevent strokes by trapping clots within the left atrial appendage of the heart before they exit. Our authors demonstrated how to insert the guide wire through the femoral artery into the heart, advance the device into the left atrium, and deploy the device in the left atrial appendage.
Another article focused on stroke, Hamel et al. described the use of a driving simulator to study how patients compensate for visual field defects following stroke. By analyzing the compensatory gaze behavior of patients as they navigated through virtual driving courses with varying degrees of complexity, our authors see great potential for the use of driving simulators in stroke rehabilitation.
In JoVE Immunology and Infection, we published an article by Keyel et al. describing the real-time kinetics of immune cell responses to bacterial toxins using live cell microscopy. Combined with high-speed 3D confocal microscopy, this technique can also visualize the cellular repair response.
Also in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we featured an article by Yap et al. describing methods for diagnosing helminth infections in children. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and may be distinguished based on their morphology. The same article demonstrated how to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness in children, which is a measure of overall health.
In JoVE Neuroscience, we featured a method by Hoffmann et al., who used tiny headphones to alter the auditory feedback in songbirds, and analyzed the computational and neurophysiological basis of vocal learning in birds when they adjust their singing in response to altered acoustic signals.
Also in JoVE Neuroscience, we moved from birds to bees with a method that assesses associative and non-associative tactile learning in honeybees. This method, by Mujagi&#263; et al., allowed bees to scan different metal surfaces with their antennae, then conditioned them to expect sugar water when their antennae touched particular surfaces, and analyzed the corresponding changes in antennal movement.
In 2012, we launched a brand-new section: JoVE Applied Physics, which features articles on subjects ranging from plasma physics to material science. The Applied Physics section also contained JoVE's 2000th video article, filmed in a synchrotron radiation facility, where Borisenko et al. showed how to determine the electronic structure of complex materials using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
In the JoVE General section, we published an article by Artioli et al. demonstrating the use of a portable gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption during complex exercise - such as judo. By analyzing oxygen consumption and collecting blood for measuring plasma lactate concentration, this method can determine the relative contributions of different energy systems to specific aspects of complex exercise.
Finally, JoVE followed Dolhi et al. to a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. There, scientists drilled through the ice to study single-celled microorganisms called protists that live in the harsh conditions of Antarctica.
This Year in Review was just a brief glimpse of a few of over 600 video articles that JoVE offered in 2012. Browse the JoVE archives to see thousands of other videos, and stay tuned for what's coming up this year in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

 
 
Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE ...