M.K. was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Division of Chemistry under Award No. CHE-2153240. Additional support for materials and supplies was provided by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under award no. DE-FG02-08ER46519. SEM imaging was performed in part at the San Diego Nano-Technology Infrastructure (SDNI) of U.C. San Diego, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (ECCS-1542148).

1. Surface modification of UiO-66 with cat-DDMAT
<ol>
	<li>Exchange the solvent of UiO-66 from methanol with water.
	<ol>
		<li>Prepare UiO-66 in methanol at a concentration of 20 mg/mL. 
		NOTE: According to Wang et al.20, homogeneous UiO-66 is washed with DMF and methanol after synthesis and then stored in a dispersed state in methanol.</li>
		<li>Transfer the 10 mL of UiO-66 suspension to a 15 mL conical centrifuge tube using a pipette.</li>
		<li>Perform centrifugation ...

Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Metal Organic Framework Monolayers

<ol>
	<li>Eddaoudi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+design+of+pore+size+and+functionality+in+isoreticular+mofs+and+their+application+in+methane+storage.">Systematic design of pore size and functionality in isoreticular mofs and their application in methane storage.</a> Science. 295, 469-472 (2002).</li><li>Yaghi, O. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reticular+synthesis+and+the+design+of+new+materials.">Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials.</a> Nature. 423, 705-714 (2003).</li><li>Kitao, T., Zhang, Y., Kitagawa, S., Wang, B., Uemura, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybridization+of+mofs+and+polymers.">Hybridization of mofs and polymers.</a> Chem Soc Rev. 46 (11), 3108-3133 (2017).</li><li>Kalaj, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mof-polymer+hybrid+materials:+From+simple+composites+to+tailored+architectures.">Mof-polymer hybrid materials: From simple composites to tailored architectures.</a> Chem Rev. 120 (16), 8267-8302 (2020).</li><li>Lin, R., Villacorta Hernandez, B., Ge, L., Zhu, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+organic+framework+based+mixed+matrix+membranes:+An+overview+on+filler/polymer+interfaces.">Metal organic framework based mixed matrix membranes: An overview on filler/polymer interfaces.</a> J Mater Chem A. 6 (2), 293-312 (2018).</li><li>Semino, R., Moreton, J. C., Ramsahye, N. A., Cohen, S. M., Maurin, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+origins+of+metal-organic+framework/polymer+compatibility.">Understanding the origins of metal-organic framework/polymer compatibility.</a> Chem Sci. 9 (2), 315-324 (2018).</li><li>Daniel, M. -. C., Astruc, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanoparticles:+Assembly,+supramolecular+chemistry,+quantum-size-related+properties,+and+applications+toward+biology,+catalysis,+and+nanotechnology.">Gold nanoparticles: Assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.</a> Chem Rev. 104, 293-346 (2004).</li><li>Zhou, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, C. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+biocompatible+semiconductor+quantum+dots:+From+biosynthesis+and+bioconjugation+to+biomedical+application.">Toward biocompatible semiconductor quantum dots: From biosynthesis and bioconjugation to biomedical application.</a> Chem Rev. 115 (21), 11669-11717 (2015).</li><li>Chancellor, A. J., Seymour, B. T., Zhao, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterizing+polymer-grafted+nanoparticles:+From+basic+defining+parameters+to+behavior+in+solvents+and+self-assembled+structures.">Characterizing polymer-grafted nanoparticles: From basic defining parameters to behavior in solvents and self-assembled structures.</a> Anal Chem. 91 (10), 6391-6402 (2019).</li><li>Wright, R. A., Wang, K., Qu, J., Zhao, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oil-soluble+polymer+brush+grafted+nanoparticles+as+effective+lubricant+additives+for+friction+and+wear+reduction.">Oil-soluble polymer brush grafted nanoparticles as effective lubricant additives for friction and wear reduction.</a> Angew Chem Int Ed. 55 (30), 8656-8660 (2016).</li><li>Pastore, V. J., Cook, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coordination-driven+self-assembly+in+polymer-inorganic+hybrid+materials.">Coordination-driven self-assembly in polymer-inorganic hybrid materials.</a> Chem Mater. 32 (9), 3680-3700 (2020).</li><li>Chiu, J. J., Kim, B. J., Kramer, E. J., Pine, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+nanoparticle+location+in+block+copolymers.">Control of nanoparticle location in block copolymers.</a> J Am Chem Soc. 127, 5036-5037 (2005).</li><li>Zubarev, E. R., Xu, J., Sayyad, A., Gibson, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphiphilic+gold+nanoparticles+with+v-shaped+arms.">Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles with v-shaped arms.</a> J Am Chem Soc. 128 (15), 4958-4959 (2006).</li><li>Molavi, H., Shojaei, A., Mousavi, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+mixed-matrix+membrane+performance+via+pmma+grafting+from+functionalized+nh2-uio-66.">Improving mixed-matrix membrane performance via pmma grafting from functionalized nh2-uio-66.</a> J Mater Chem. A. 6 (6), 2775-2791 (2018).</li><li>Mcdonald, K. A., Feldblyum, J. I., Koh, K., Wong-Foy, A. G., Matzger, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymer@mof@mof:+&amp;#34;Grafting+from&amp;#34;+atom+transfer+radical+polymerization+for+the+synthesis+of+hybrid+porous+solids.">Polymer@mof@mof: &amp;#34;Grafting from&amp;#34; atom transfer radical polymerization for the synthesis of hybrid porous solids.</a> Chem Commun. 51 (60), 11994-11996 (2015).</li><li>Barcus, K., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free-standing+metal-organic+framework+(mof)+monolayers+by+self-assembly+of+polymer-grafted+nanoparticles.">Free-standing metal-organic framework (mof) monolayers by self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanoparticles.</a> Chem Sci. 11 (32), 8433-8437 (2020).</li><li>Xiao, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoswitchable+nanoporous+metal-organic+framework+monolayer+film+for+light-gated+ion+nanochannel.">Photoswitchable nanoporous metal-organic framework monolayer film for light-gated ion nanochannel.</a> ACS Appl Nano Mater. 6 (4), 2813-2821 (2023).</li><li>Xiao, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-assembled+nanoporous+metal-organic+framework+monolayer+film+for+osmotic+energy+harvesting.">Self-assembled nanoporous metal-organic framework monolayer film for osmotic energy harvesting.</a> Adv Funct Mater. 34 (2), 2307996 (2024).</li><li>Barcus, K., Lin, P. A., Zhou, Y., Arya, G., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+polymer+characteristics+on+the+self-assembly+of+polymer-grafted+metal-organic+framework+particles.">Influence of polymer characteristics on the self-assembly of polymer-grafted metal-organic framework particles.</a> ACS Nano. 16 (11), 18168-18177 (2022).</li><li>Wang, X. G., Cheng, Q., Yu, Y., Zhang, X. Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+nucleation+and+controlled+growth+for+size+predicable+synthesis+of+nanoscale+metal-organic+frameworks+(mofs):+A+general+and+scalable+approach.">Controlled nucleation and controlled growth for size predicable synthesis of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (mofs): A general and scalable approach.</a> Angew Chem Int Ed. 57 (26), 7836-7840 (2018).</li><li>Moad, C. L., Mood, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fundamentals+of+reversible+addition-fragmentation+chain+transfer+(raft).">Fundamentals of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (raft).</a> Chem Teach Int. 3 (2), 3-17 (2021).</li><li>Van Keulen, H., Mulder, T. H. M., Goedhart, M. J., Verdonk, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Teaching+and+learning+distillation+in+chemistry+laboratory+courses.">Teaching and learning distillation in chemistry laboratory courses.</a> J Res Sci Teach. 32 (7), 715-734 (2006).</li><li>P&#233;rez, L. D., Giraldo, L. F., Brostow, W., L&#243;pez, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Poly(methyl+acrylate)+plus+mesoporous+silica+nanohybrids:+Mechanical+and+thermophysical+properties.">Poly(methyl acrylate) plus mesoporous silica nanohybrids: Mechanical and thermophysical properties.</a> e-poly. 7 (1), 29 (2007).</li></ol>

There are several critical steps where specific attention to detail is required to successfully synthesize polymer-grafted MOFs that will produce SAMMs. First, the monomers utilized in RAFT polymerization are supplemented with inhibitors or stabilizers during storage to prevent undesired polymerization (e.g., hydroquinone or monomethyl ether of hydroquinone, MEHQ). To remove these additives, purification through distillation is required before use22. In protocol step 2.4, it is essential to dilute...

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline, porous materials that offer large surface areas while being readily tunable through modifications of the organic ligands or metal nodes1,2. MOFs are constructed from two components: an organic ligand and metal ions (or metal ion clusters referred to as secondary building units, SBUs). MOFs have been investigated for chemical (e.g., gas) storage, separations, catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery. Generally, MOFs are synthesized in the form of crystalline powders; however, for ease of handling in many applications, formulation into other form factors is desirable if not necessary3,4. For example, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of MOFs with polymers have been reported as one particularly useful composite of MOFs and polymers5. However, in some cases, MMMs may have limitations due to the incompatibility/immiscibility between MOF and polymer components5,6. Therefore, strategies have been explored to incorporate polymer grafting directly onto MOF particles to form polymer-grafted MOFs.
Inorganic and metallic nanoparticles exhibit unique behavior in terms of optical, magnetic, catalytic, and mechanical properties7,8. However, they tend to aggregate easily after synthesis, which can hinder their processability. To enhance their processability, polymer chains can be grafted onto the particle surface9. Nanoparticles with high grafting density offer excellent dispersion and stability due to favorable enthalpic interactions between surface polymers and the solvent and entropic repulsion interactions between the particles10. Grafting of polymers onto particle surfaces can be achieved through a variety of strategies11. The most straightforward approach is the &#39;grafting to&#39; particle strategy, where functional groups, such as thiols or carboxylic acids, are introduced at the ends of polymer chains to directly bind to the nanoparticle. When complementary chemical groups, such as hydroxyls or epoxides, are present on the particle surface, polymer chains can be grafted onto these groups via covalent chemical approaches12,13. The &#39;grafting from&#39; particle or surface-initiated polymerization method involves anchoring initiators or chain transfer agents (CTAs) to the surface of nanoparticles and then growing polymer chains on the particle surface through surface-initiated polymerization. This method often achieves higher grafting density than the &#39;grafting to&#39; approach. Furthermore, grafting from enables the synthesis of block copolymers, thereby expanding the diversity of polymer structures that can be immobilized on a particle surface.
Examples of polymer grafting onto MOF particles have begun to emerge, largely focused on installing polymerization sites on the organic ligands of the MOF. In a recent study published by Shojaei and coworkers, vinyl groups were covalently attached to the ligands of Zr(IV)-based MOF UiO-66-NH2 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo, where the terephthalic acid ligand contains an amino substituent), followed by methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization to create polymer-grafted MOFs with a high grafting density (Figure 1A)14. Similarly, Matzger and coworkers functionalized the amine groups on a core-shell MOF-5 (a.k.a., IRMOF-3@MOF-5) particles with 2-bromo-iso-butyl groups. Using polymerization initiated by the 2-bromo-iso-butyl groups, they created poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted PMMA@IRMOF-3@MOF-515.
In addition to functionalizing the ligand of the MOF for grafting from polymerization, new methods that create sites for polymer grafting via coordination to the metal centers (a.k.a., SBUs) of the MOF have also been explored. For example, a ligand that can bind to the MOF metal centers, such as catechol (Figure 1B), can be used to coordinate to exposed metal sites on the MOF surface. Using a catechol-functionalized chain-transfer agent (cat-CTA, Figure 1B) the MOF surface can be functionalized and made suitable for a grafting from polymerization.
Recently, the aforementioned strategy for synthesizing MOFs-polymer composites has also been used for the creation of free-standing MOF monolayers16,17,18. MOFs such as UiO-66 and MIL-88B-NH2 (MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier) were surface-functionalized with pMMA using a ligand-CTA strategy (Figure 1B). The polymer-grafted MOF particles were self-assembled at an air-water interface to form self-supporting, self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers (SAMMs) with a thickness of ~250 nm. The polymer content in these composites was ~20 wt%, indicating that SAMMs contained ~80 wt% MOF loading. Followup studies showed that different vinyl polymers could be grafted onto UiO-66 to produce SAMMs with different characteristics19. Analytical techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to calculate polymer brush height and grafting density of the surface-grafted MOF-polymer composites.
Herein, the preparation of SAMMs from UiO-66-pMA (pMA = poly(methyl acrylate)) is presented. For the polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA), 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (DDMAT, Figure 1B) is used as the CTA19. The functionalization of the UiO-66 particles with cat-DDMAT is essential for the grafting of pMA. Cat-DDMAT can be synthesized through a two-step acylation procedure from a commercially available CTA&#160;and dopamine hydrochloride19. It is also crucial to use UiO-66 particles of uniform size for the successful formation of SAMMs19; therefore, the UiO-66 used in this study was prepared using the continuous addition method20. The polymerization method employed for forming the polymer-grafted MOF particles is photoinduced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) conducted under blue LED light (using an in-house-built photoreactor, Figure 2) with a tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)3) photocatalyst. RAFT polymerization gives exceptionally narrow polymer dispersity that can be finely controlled. Free CTA is included during the polymerization reaction because the ratio of transfer agent to monomer allows for control over the molecular weight during polymerization. The amount of cat-DDMAT transfer agent on the surface of the MOF particles is small; therefore, excess free CTA is added and the amount of monomer to be used is calculated based off of the amount of free CTA present21. After polymerization, the free polymer produced from the free CTA is removed by washing, leaving only the polymer-grafted UiO-66-pMA. Subsequently, this composite is dispersed in toluene at a high concentration and used to form SAMMs at an air-water interface.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (DDMAT)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>723010</td>
			<td>98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL Single Neck RBF</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-1506-82</td>
			<td>14/20 Outer Joint</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td>A18-20</td>
			<td>ACS Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allegra X-30R Centrifuge</td>
			<td>BECKMAN COULTER</td>
			<td>B06320</td>
			<td>1.6 L max capacity, 18,000 RPM, 29,756 x g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Analog Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10153-838</td>
			<td>300 - 3,200 rpm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cat-DDMAT</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Prepared according to literature procedure (ref. 17).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Tube, 50 mL / 15 mL</td>
			<td>CORNING</td>
			<td>430291 / 430766</td>
			<td>Conical Bottom with plug seal cap, polypropylene</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td>AC423550040</td>
			<td>99.8%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conventional needles</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>382903051670</td>
			<td>21 G x 1 1/2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Copper wire</td>
			<td>Malin Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>No. 30 B &#38; S GAUGE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Fisher Bioreagents</td>
			<td>BP231-1</td>
			<td>&#62;=99.7%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Pasteur Pipets</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-678-20C</td>
			<td>Borosilicate Glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>KOPTEC</td>
			<td>V1001</td>
			<td>200 proof ethanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Scintillation Vial, 20 mL</td>
			<td>KIMBIL</td>
			<td>74508-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graduated Cylinder, 10 mL</td>
			<td>KIMBIL</td>
			<td>20024-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hypodermic Needles</td>
			<td>Air-Tite</td>
			<td>N224</td>
			<td>22 G x 4&#39;&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td>A412-20</td>
			<td>99.8%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methyl Acrylate</td>
			<td>Aldrich Chemistry</td>
			<td>M27301</td>
			<td>99%, contains =&#60; 100 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette P10 (1 - 10 &#181;L)</td>
			<td>GILSON</td>
			<td>F144055M</td>
			<td>PIPETMAN, Metal Ejector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette P1000 (100 - 1,000 &#181;L)</td>
			<td>GILSON</td>
			<td>F144059M</td>
			<td>PIPETMAN, Metal Ejector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette P20 (2 - 20 &#181;L)</td>
			<td>GILSON</td>
			<td>F144056M</td>
			<td>PIPETMAN, Metal Ejector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope cover glass</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12542A</td>
			<td>18 mm x 18 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NN-Dimerhylformamide (DMF)</td>
			<td>Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td>D119-4</td>
			<td>99.8%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri Dish, Stackable Lid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB0875713A</td>
			<td>60 mm x 15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Septum Stopper</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG302401</td>
			<td>14/20 - 14/35</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stir Bar</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-2005T-01</td>
			<td>Magnetic, PTFE, Turbo, Rare Earth, Elliptical, 10 x 6mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperNuova+ Stirring Hot Plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SP88857190</td>
			<td>50 - 1,500 rpm, 30 - 450 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene</td>
			<td>Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td>T324-4</td>
			<td>99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>688096</td>
			<td>97%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UiO-66 (120 nm edge length)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Prepared according to literature procedure (ref. 18).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic Cleaner CPX3800H</td>
			<td>EMERSON / BRANSON</td>
			<td>CPX-952-318R</td>
			<td>40 kHz, 5.7 L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waterproof Flexible LED Strip Light</td>
			<td>ALITOVE</td>
			<td>ALT-5B300WPBK</td>
			<td>16.4 ft 5050 Blue LED</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis and characterization of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers using polymer-coated particles

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. Attempts to enhance the utility of MOFs have involved the preparation of various composites, including polymer-grafted MOFs. By directly grafting polymers to the external surface of MOFs, issues of incompatibility between polymers and MOFs can be overcome. Polymer brushes grafted from the surface of MOFs can serve to stabilize the MOF while enabling particle assembly into self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers (SAMMs) via polymer-polymer interactions.
Control over the chemical composition and molecular weight of the grafted polymer can allow for tuning of the SAMM characteristics. In this work, instructions are provided on how to immobilize a chain transfer agent (CTA) onto the surface of the MOF UiO-66 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo). The CTA&#160;serves as initiation sites for the growth of polymers. Once polymer chains are grown from the MOF surface, the formation of SAMMs is achieved through self-assembly at an air-water interface. The resulting SAMMs are characterized and shown to be freestanding by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The methods presented in this paper are expected to make the preparation of SAMMs more accessible to the research community and thereby expand their potential use as a&#160;MOF-polymer composite.

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles

Our laboratory is interested at the intersection of porous solids, specifically metal organic frameworks and organic polymers. We're really interested in understanding the interface between these two materials and how we can make composites that have new emergent properties that are characteristic of both the porous solid as well as the polymer component. Recently, we found that grafting polymer onto the surface of MOF, we could produce composite MOF polymer particle that's self-assembled into ultrathin films.We call this film self-assembled MOF monolayer, or SAMs. We are now interested in understanding how SAMs vary depending on polymer length, particle size, and other characteristics. I've begun to explore the role of polymer molecular weight, polymer composition, and polymer grafting density, as well as particle size and shape on SAM formation and stability.I believe this study will be very important for understanding and controlling SAM formation, stability, and future applications. One interesting feature of SAMs is that they can be made ultra thin, just one particle layer thick. We are unaware of other particle films this thin that are unsupported by another substrate and freestanding.This unique property may give SAMs advantages as cross-membrane over other films or particle assemblies. We're really interested in continuing to study SAMs, their self-assembly, and what unique properties make them so stable as ultra thin films. In particular, we're really interested in studying SAMs as coatings and membranes and their use in challenging separations.Ultimately, we think SAMs provide a number of avenues for research that have yet to be explored.

When the polymer-grafted MOFs are gently dropped onto water from a concentrated toluene dispersion (as illustrated in Figure 4A), a monolayer is formed in a few seconds with an iridescent appearance. Furthermore, using a mold made from copper wire to lift this monolayer and subsequently drying the obtained water allows for the formation of free-standing SAMMs (Figure 4B). After transferring the monolayer to a glass microscope cover slip and drying it, SEM imagin...

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers is provided using polymer-grafted, metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals. The procedure shows that polymer-grafted MOF particles can be self-assembled at an air-water interface resulting in well-formed, free-standing, monolayer structures as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy imaging.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. ...

synthesis-characterization-self-assembled-metal-organic-framework

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

656 ビュー.  University of California, San Diego. 当研究室では、多孔質固体、特に金属有機構造体と有機高分子の交差に関心を持っています。私たちは、これら2つの材料間の界面を理解し、多孔質固体とポリマー成分の両方に特徴的な新しい創発特性を持つ複合材料をどのように作ることができるかに非常に興味があります。最近、MOFの表面にポリマーをグラフトすると、自己組織化して極薄フィルムにできる複合MOF?...

ビデオ: 著者スポットライト:自己組織化MOFポリマー複合材料の探索

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers is provided using polymer-grafted, metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals. The procedure shows that polymer-grafted MOF particles can be self-assembled at an air-water interface resulting in well-formed, free-standing, monolayer structures as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy...

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advanced compositional analysis of nanoparticle-polymer composites using direct fluorescence imaging

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

Here we present a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of cadmium selenide quantum dots can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence...

preparation of mechanically stable self-assembled peptides hydrogels

Author Spotlight: Improving the Production of Self-Assembling Fibers and Peptide Hydrogels for Superior Biocompatibility

This protocol presents three fast and simple preparation methods that use environmental conditions to trigger the self-assembly of peptides into hydrogels. Additionally, the characterization of peptide hydrogels is described, demonstrating that mechanically stable peptide hydrogels can be formed under these straightforward...

Preparation of Mechanically Stable Self-Assembled Peptides Hydrogels

facile preparation of internally self-assembled lipid particles stabilized by carbon nanotubes

Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes

We report on a smart application of carbon nanotubes for kinetic stabilization of lipid particles that contain self-assembled nanostructures in their cores. The preparation of lipid particles requires rather low concentrations of carbon nanotubes permitting their use in biomedical applications such as drug...

generation of self-assembled vascularized human skin equivalents

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents

The goal of this protocol is to describe the generation and volumetric analysis of vascularized human skin equivalents using accessible and simple techniques for long term culture. To the extent possible, the rationale for steps is described to allow researchers the ability to customize based on their research...

antifouling self-assembled monolayers on microelectrodes for patterning biomolecules

Antifouling Self-assembled Monolayers on Microelectrodes for Patterning Biomolecules

We present a procedure for forming a poly(ethylene glycol) self-assembled monolayer (PEG-SAM) on a silicon substrate with gold microelectrodes. The PEG-SAM is formed in a single step and prevents biofouling on silicon and gold surfaces. Electrophoresis is then used for patterning biomolecules down to the...

kinase inhibitor screening in self-assembled human protein microarrays

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

A detailed protocol for the generation of self-assembled human protein microarrays for the screening of kinase inhibitors is...

fabrication of a bioactive, pcl-based "self-fitting" shape memory polymer scaffold

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based &quot;Self-fitting&quot; Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Scaffolds capable of fitting within cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) bone defects while exhibiting osteoconductivity and bioactivity are of interest. This protocol describes the preparation of a shape memory scaffold based on polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCL-DA) using a solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) method employing a fused salt template and application of a bioactive polydopamine...

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

a testing platform for durability studies of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites under concurrent hygrothermo-mechanical stimuli

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

The durability of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites in service is a critical aspect for their designs and condition-based maintenance. We present a novel low-cost laboratory testing platform for the investigation of the influence of concurrent mechanical and environmental loadings, and may help design more efficient yet safer composite...

covalent binding of bmp-2 on surfaces using a self-assembled monolayer approach

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

We describe a method for accomplishing efficient immobilization of BMP-2 on surfaces. Our approach is based on the formation of a self-assembled monolayer to achieve the covalent binding of BMP-2 via its free amine residues. This method is a useful tool to study signaling at the cell...

construction, characterization, and regenerative application of self-assembled human mesenchymal stem cell aggregates

Construction, Characterization, and Regenerative Application of Self-Assembled Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates

This study describes a method to construct aggregates based on the self-assembly of human mesenchymal stem cells and identifies the morphological and histological characteristics for the regenerative treatment of cranial bone...

multimodal nonlinear hyperspectral chemical imaging using line-scanning vibrational sum-frequency generation microscopy

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures 

A multimodal, rapid hyperspectral imaging framework was developed to obtain broadband vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) images, along with brightfield, second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging modalities. Due to the infrared frequency being resonant with molecular vibrations, microscopic structural and mesoscopic morphology knowledge is revealed of symmetry-allowed samples.

Using a VSFG Microscope for Multimodal, Rapid, Hyperspectral Chemical Analysis

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nanostructured ag-zeolite composites as luminescence-based humidity sensors

Nanostructured Ag-zeolite Composites as Luminescence-based Humidity Sensors

A protocol for the synthesis of moisture-responsive luminescent Ag-zeolite composites is described in this...

polymerization of methyl acrylate from uio-66-ddmat for the synthesis of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers

Polymerization of Methyl Acrylate from UiO-66-DDMAT for the Synthesis of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers

surface modification of uio-66 with cat-ddmat for the synthesis of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers

Surface Modification of UiO-66 with cat-DDMAT for the Synthesis of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers

experimental approaches for the synthesis of low-valent metal-organic frameworks from multitopic phosphine linkers

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers  

Here, we describe a protocol for the synthesis of low-valent metal-organic frameworks (LVMOFs) from low-valent metals and multitopic phosphine linkers under air-free conditions. The resulting materials have potential applications as heterogeneous catalyst mimics of low-valent metal-based homogeneous...

Synthesis of Low-Valent MOFs from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

fabrication and design of wood-based high-performance composites

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Delignified densified wood represents a new promising lightweight, high-performance and bio-based material with great potential to partially substitute natural fiber reinforced- or glass fiber reinforced composites in the future. We here present two versatile fabrication routes and demonstrate the possibility to create complex composite...

measuring the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforcement polymer composite laminates obtained by different fabrication processes

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process 

This paper describes a fabrication process for fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates obtained using the wet hand lay-up/vacuum bag...

Fabrication and Mechanical Property Assessment of Fiber Composite Laminates

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preparation, characteristics, toxicity, and efficacy evaluation of the nasal self-assembled nanoemulsion tumor vaccine in vitro and in vivo

Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo

Here, we present detailed methods for the preparation and evaluation of the nasal self-assembled nanoemulsion tumor vaccine in vitro and in...

Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo