isolation of brain from drosophila larvae and harvest of s2 schneider cells

 Quantifying the Poly(A) Length of Genes from the &lt;em&gt;Drosophila&lt;/em&gt; Nervous System

Most eukaryotic mRNAs are posttranscriptionally polyadenylated at their 3&#8242; terminus in the nucleus by the addition of non-templated adenosines by canonical poly(A) polymerases. An intact poly(A) tail is pivotal throughout the lifecycle of mRNA, as it is essential for mRNA nuclear export1, facilitates interaction with poly(A)-binding proteins to enhance translational efficiency2, and imparts resistance against degradation3. In certain cases, the poly(A) tail can also undergo extension in the cytoplasm, facilitated by noncanonical poly(A) polymerases4. In the cytoplasm, poly (A) tail length dynamically changes and influences the life span of the mRNA molecule. Numerous polymerases and deadenylases are known for modulating tail length5,6,7. For example, the shortening of poly(A) tails correlates with translational repression, whereas the lengthening of poly(A) tails enhances translation8,9.
Accumulating genomic studies have demonstrated the fundamental significance of the poly(A) tail length across various facets of eukaryotic biology. This includes roles in germ-cell development, early embryonic development, neuronal synaptic plasticity for learning and memory, and the inflammatory response10. There have been numerous methods and assays developed for measuring poly(A) tail lengths. For example, the RNase H/oligo(dT) assay takes advantage of RNase H in the presence or absence of oligo(dT) to study poly(A) tail length11,12. Other methods to study poly(A) tail include the PCR amplification of 3&#39; ends such as rapid amplification of cDNA ends poly(A) test (RACE-PAT)12,13 and the ligase-mediated poly(A) test (LM-PAT)14. Further modifications of the PAT assay include ePAT15 and sPAT16. Enzymatic G-tailing17,18 or G/I-tailing&#160;of the 3&#39; end are other variations of the PAT assay. Further modification of these techniques includes the use of fluorescently labeled primers along with capillary gel electrophoresis for high-resolution analysis, referred to as the high-resolution poly(A) test (Hire-PAT)19. These PCR-driven assays allow fast and high-sensitivity poly(A) length quantitation.
With the development of next-generation sequencing, a high-throughput sequencing method, such as PAL-seq20 and TAIL-seq21, allows polyadenylation analyses at a transcriptome-wide scale. However, these methods provide only short sequencing reads of 36-51 nucleotides. Therefore, FLAM-Seq22 was developed for global tail length profiling of full-length mRNA and provides long reads. Nanopore technology23 provides PCR-independent, direct RNA, or direct cDNA sequencing for poly(A) tail length estimations. However, these high-throughput methods are not without limitations. They require large amounts of starting materials, are expensive, and time-consuming. Moreover, analyzing rare transcripts can be extremely challenging with high-throughput methods, and low-throughput PCR-based methods still provide an advantage when a small number of transcripts need to be analyzed, for pilot experiments, and validation of other methods.
We have recently demonstrated that Dscam1 mRNAs contain short poly(A) tails in Drosophila, which necessitates a non-canonical binding of the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein on Dscam1 3&#39;UTR using the G/I tailing method24. Here we provide a streamlined procedure for tissue preparation and quantifying poly(A) length of mRNAs from the Drosophila nervous system and Drosophila S2 cells.

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Frontier of mRNA Research with Poly A Tail Analysis Techniques

Measurement of Poly A Tail Length from Drosophila Larva Brain and Cell Line

Polyadenylation is a post-transcription modification. This add poly-A tails to the three-prime end of mRNA molecules. Dysregulation of polyadenylation has been associated with abnormal gene expression and various diseases, including neurological disorders.Our method provides a cost-effective, high-resolution analysis for measuring poly-A lengths. High-throughput methods for poly-A tail analysis, like next generation sequencing, and a high-throughput sequencing provides high-content information. However, analyzing rare transcripts can be extremely challenging with these methods.PCR-based methods are usually low-throughput. However, they can be easily used to analyze a small number of transcripts. The GI-tailing method is one of them.With this method, we discovered that Dscam mRNAs contain short poly-A tails. Dscam is a neuronal cell adhesion molecule. It is involved in many important neurodevelopmental processes.Because Dscam mRNA contains short poly-A tails unlike most mRNAs, Dscam mRNA translation is under unique gene regulation, which is one of the questions we are trying to answer.

Isolation of Brain from Drosophila Larvae and Harvest of S2 Schneider Cells

isolation-brain-from-drosophila-larvae-harvest-s2-schneider

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

61 조회수.  University of Nevada, Reno. 시작하려면 초파리 유충을 35mm의 빈 페트리 접시에 넣고 집게를 사용하여 수돗물로 두 번 씻어 남은 음식을 제거합니다. 얼음처럼 차가운 PBS가 들어 있는 해부 접시에 유충 10마리를 놓습니다. 유충의 등쪽을 위로 향하게 하고 양쪽 끝을 접시에 고정합니다.뒤쪽 끝의 체벽을 작게 절개합니다. 미세 해부 가위를 사용하여 등쪽 정중선을 따라 앞쪽 끝을 향해 체벽을 자릅니...