generation-high-throughput-three-dimensional-tumor-spheroids-for-drug

Generation of High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids for Drug Screening

Cancer cells have routinely been cultured in two dimensions (2D) on a plastic surface. This technique, however, lacks the true environment a tumor mass is ...

Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research

The matrix metalloproteinase enzyme MMP-13 plays a key role in the degradation of type II collagen in cartilage and bone in osteoarthritis (OA). An effective MMP-13 inhibitor would therefore be a novel disease modifying therapy for the treatment of arthritis. Our efforts have resulted in the discovery of a series of carboxylic acid inhibitors of MMP-13 that do not significantly inhibit the related MMP-1 (collagenase-1) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) converting enzyme (TACE). It has previously been suggested (but not proven) that inhibition of the latter two enzymes could lead to side effects. A promising carboxylic acid lead 9 was identified and a convergent synthesis developed. This paper describes the optimization of 9 and the identification of a compound 24f for further development. Compound 24f is a subnanomolar inhibitor of MMP-13 (IC(50) value 0.5 nM and K(i) of 0.19 nM) having no activity against MMP-1 or TACE (IC(50) of >10000 nM). Furthermore, in a rat model of MMP-13-induced cartilage degradation, 24f significantly reduced proteoglycan release following oral dosing at 30 mg/kg (75% inhibition, p < 0.05) and at 10 mg/kg (40% inhibition, p < 0.05).

Discovery of potent, selective, and orally active carboxylic acid based inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-13.

In an attempt to identify novel therapeutics and mechanisms to differentially kill tumor cells using phenotypic screening, we identified N-benzyl indole carbinols (N-BICs), synthetic analogs of the natural product indole-3-carbinol (I3C). To understand the mode of action for the molecules we employed Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia viability profiling and correlative informatics analysis to identify and ultimately confirm the phase II metabolic enzyme sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) as the essential factor for compound selectivity. Further studies demonstrate that SULT1A1 activates the N-BICs by rendering the compounds strong electrophiles which can alkylate cellular proteins and thereby induce cell death. This study demonstrates that the selectivity profile for N-BICs is through conversion by SULT1A1 from an inactive prodrug to an active species that induces cell death and tumor suppression. 

David Farley

Chemical Biology and Therapeutics

Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research

Generation of High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids for Drug Screening

David Farley

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Chemical Biology and Therapeutics

Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research

Generation of High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids for Drug Screening

Chemical Biology and Therapeutics