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Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

New classes of insecticides with novel modes of action are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes that transmit diseases such ...

Purdue University

The availability of genome assemblies and other genomic resources is facilitating investigations of complex genetic traits for several species of ticks. Understanding the genetics of acaricide resistance is a priority for tick and tick-borne disease control. The synaptic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACE) is recognized as the target of organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates, and mutations in ACE have been tied to resistance. Multiple studies support three ACE (ace) loci in  but the molecular basis of OP-resistance in this tick remains elusive. Here, we exploited the genome assembly of the black-legged tick  and comparative genomic analyses to explore the complement of tick ACEs and their potential roles in OP resistance. We identified eight putative ace loci () in I. scapularis. Molecular analyses and homology modeling suggest ACE activity for IscaACE1a. Our analyses reveal the molecular complexity of the  ace gene family, highlight the need for functional studies of ACEs in species of the Ixodidae, and reveal potential challenges to management of OP resistance in ticks.

Using comparative genomics to decode the genetics of acaricide resistance.

Meeting the challenge of tick-borne disease control: A proposal for 1000 Ixodes genomes.

The pressing need for new pest control products with novel modes of action has spawned interest in small molecules and peptides targeting arthropod GPCRs. Genome sequence data and tools for reverse genetics have enabled the prediction and characterization of GPCRs from many invertebrates. We review recent work to identify, characterize and de-orphanize arthropod GPCRs, with a focus on studies that reveal exciting new functional roles for these receptors, including the regulation of metabolic resistance. We explore the potential for insecticides targeting Class A biogenic amine-binding and peptide-binding receptors, and consider the innovation required to generate pest-selective leads for development, within the context of new PCR-targeting products to control arthropod vectors of disease.

Catherine A. Hill

Department of Entomology,
Purdue Institute for Inflammation,
Immunology and Infectious Disease,
Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease

Purdue University

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

Catherine A. Hill

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Entomology,Purdue Institute for Inflammation,Immunology and Infectious Disease,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease

Purdue University

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

Department of Entomology,
Purdue Institute for Inflammation,
Immunology and Infectious Disease,
Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease