real-time-evaluation-absolute-cytosolic-free-ca2-corresponding

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

The lymphatic vasculature, now often referred to as &#34;the third circulation,&#34; is located in many vital organ systems. A principal mechanical ...

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

 Doxorubicin (DOX) is a risk factor for arm lymphedema in breast cancer patients. We reported that DOX opens ryanodine receptors (RYRs) to enact "calcium leak," which disrupts the rhythmic contractions of lymph vessels (LVs) to attenuate lymph flow. Here, we evaluated whether dantrolene, a clinically available RYR1 subtype antagonist, prevents the detrimental effects of DOX on lymphatic function.  Isolated rat mesenteric LVs were cannulated, pressurized (4-5 mm Hg) and equilibrated in physiological salt solution and Fura-2AM. Video microscopy recorded changes in diameter and Fura-2AM fluorescence tracked cytosolic free calcium ([Ca ]). High-speed  microscopy assessed mesenteric lymph flow in anesthetized rats. Flow cytometry evaluated RYR1 expression in freshly isolated mesenteric lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs).  DOX (10 μmol/L) increased resting [Ca ] by 17.5 ± 3.7% in isolated LVs ( = 11). The rise in [Ca ] was prevented by dantrolene (3 μmol/L; n = 10). A single rapid infusion of DOX (10 mg/kg i.v.) reduced positive volumetric lymph flow to 29.7 ± 10.8% ( = 7) of baseline in mesenteric LVs . In contrast, flow in LVs superfused with dantrolene (10 μmol/L) only decreased to 76.3 ± 14.0% ( = 7) of baseline in response to DOX infusion. Subsequently, expression of the RYR1 subtype protein as the presumed dantrolene binding site was confirm in isolated mesenteric LMCs by flow cytometry.  We conclude that dantrolene attenuates the acute impairment of lymph flow by DOX and suggest that its prophylactic use in patients subjected to DOX chemotherapy may lower lymphedema risk.

Dantrolene Prevents the Lymphostasis Caused by Doxorubicin in the Rat Mesenteric Circulation.

The lymphatic circulation is an important component of the circulatory system in humans, playing a critical role in the transport of lymph fluid containing proteins, white blood cells, and lipids from the interstitial space to the central venous circulation. The efficient transport of lymph fluid critically relies on the rhythmic contractions of collecting lymph vessels, which function to "pump" fluid in the distal to proximal direction through the lymphatic circulation with backflow prevented by the presence of valves. When rhythmic contractions are disrupted or valves are incompetent, the loss of lymph flow results in fluid accumulation in the interstitial space and the development of lymphedema. There is growing recognition that many pharmacological agents modify the activity of ion channels and other protein structures in lymph muscle cells to disrupt the cyclic contraction and relaxation of lymph vessels, thereby compromising lymph flow and predisposing to the development of lymphedema. The effects of different medications on lymph flow can be understood by appreciating the intricate intracellular calcium signaling that underlies the contraction and relaxation cycle of collecting lymph vessels. For example, voltage-sensitive calcium influx through long-lasting ("L-type") calcium channels mediates the rise in cytosolic calcium concentration that triggers lymph vessel contraction. Accordingly, calcium channel antagonists that are mainstay cardiovascular medications, attenuate the cyclic influx of calcium through L-type calcium channels in lymph muscle cells, thereby disrupting rhythmic contractions and compromising lymph flow. Many other classes of medications also may contribute to the formation of lymphedema by impairing lymph flow as an off-target effect. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence regarding potential mechanisms of drug-related lymphedema with an emphasis on common medications administered to treat cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Additionally, although current pharmacological approaches used to alleviate lymphedema are largely ineffective, efforts are mounting to arrive at a deeper understanding of mechanisms that regulate lymph flow as a strategy to identify novel anti-lymphedema medications. Accordingly, this review also will provide information on studies that have explored possible anti-lymphedema therapeutics.

Soumiya Pal

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca²⁺ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

Soumiya Pal

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,College of Pharmacy,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca2+ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca²⁺ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels