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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele

Varicocele, characterized by the dilation of veins within the spermatic cord, is a prevalent disease in males, accounting for 35%-40% of infertility cases ...

Huashan Hospital of the Shanghai Fu Dan University Medical College

Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is important approach for kidney stones removal. A percutaneous nephrostomy drainage tube placement is an effective method to stop venous bleeding. Occasionally, the catheter can pierce into the renal parenchyma, and migrate into the renal vein even to the vena cava.

Metachronous renal vein and artery injure after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) with flank pain, and hematuria, is often mistaken with renal colic originating from ureteric or renal calculus. Especially in young and otherwise healthy patients, clinicians are easily misled by clinical presentation and calcified RVT.

Renal vein thrombosis mimicking urinary calculus: a dilemma of diagnosis.

Nutcracker syndrome is an entity resulting from left renal vein compression by the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, which leads to symptoms of hematuria or left flank pain. The alternative option of endovascular or extravascular stenting is very appealing because of the minimal invasive procedures. Stents in the renal vein can cause fibromuscular hyperplasia, proximal migration or embolization.

Shanwen Chen

Huashan Hospital of the Shanghai Fu Dan University Medical College

Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele