Chapter 7
Costs
Utopione i koszt alternatywny
Sunk costs are expenditures already made and cannot be recovered, irrespective of future choices. These costs are essentially "sunk" because they ...
Koszt stały i zmienny
In the short run, a firm's costs are divided into fixed and variable. Fixed costs are expenses that do not fluctuate with the level of output. These ...
Krzywe łącznej stałej, całkowitej zmiennej i łącznego kosztu
In the short run, a firm incurs various fixed expenses such as lease payments, insurance premiums, and machinery depreciation. Collectively, these are ...
Średni stały, średni zmienny i średni koszt całkowity I
Average Fixed Cost (AFC) is the total fixed cost per unit of output. It's calculated by dividing the total fixed costs (TFC) by the quantity of output ...
Średni stały, średni zmienny i średni koszt całkowity II
The Average Fixed Cost, or AFC curve, is the graphical representation of the average fixed cost. It starts at the first unit of output. As the level of ...
Koszt krańcowy I
Marginal cost is the additional cost incurred by a firm when it produces one more unit of a good or service. It's derived from the change in total ...
Koszt krańcowy II
The marginal cost (MC) curve typically exhibits a U-shaped pattern, reflecting the relationship between marginal cost and production level. Initially, as ...
Zależność między kosztami średnimi i krańcowymi
Marginal Cost (MC) is a variable cost that refers to the additional expenses incurred by the firm when producing one more unit of a good or service. The ...
Charakter kosztów w długim okresie
In the short run, costs can be classified into fixed or variable categories. Variable costs fluctuate with the level of production or service activity, ...
Krótkookresowe a długoterminowe: średnie koszty
In the short run, firms cannot adjust the quantity of certain factors of production, like capital and technology. However, firms can change the quantity ...
Perspektywa krótkookresowa a długoterminowa: koszty krańcowe
In economics, the short-run marginal cost (SRMC) and long-run marginal cost (LRMC) curves depict how the cost of producing additional units of output ...
Korzyści skali
A firm may experience economies of scale in the long run. This occurs when a firm's output increases, but its total costs increase at a slower rate. ...
Nieekonomia skali
Diseconomies of scale occur in the long run when the costs per unit increase with each additional unit of output. For example, the firm may double its ...
Korzyści wynikające z zakresu
Economies of scope refer to a firm's cost advantages by producing a wider variety of products rather than focusing on a single product. Economies of ...
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