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Chapter 11

Ethers, Epoxides, Sulfides

Struktura i nomenklatura eterów
Struktura i nomenklatura eterów
Structure and Bonding Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — ...
Właściwości fizyczne eterów
Właściwości fizyczne eterów
Overview An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of ...
Etery z alkoholi: odwadnianie alkoholu i synteza eteru Williamsona
Etery z alkoholi: odwadnianie alkoholu i synteza eteru Williamsona
Overview Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below, Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration ...
Etery z alkenów: dodatek alkoholu i alkoksymerkuracja-odmerkurowanie
Etery z alkenów: dodatek alkoholu i alkoksymerkuracja-odmerkurowanie
Overview Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration. Preparation of ...
Etery do halogenków alkilowych: rozszczepienie kwasowe
Etery do halogenków alkilowych: rozszczepienie kwasowe
Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and, therefore, ...
Autooksydacja eterów do nadtlenków i wodoronadtlenków
Autooksydacja eterów do nadtlenków i wodoronadtlenków
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when ...
Etery koronowe
Etery koronowe
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by ...
Struktura i nazewnictwo epoksydów
Struktura i nazewnictwo epoksydów
Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms ...
Przygotowanie epoksydów
Przygotowanie epoksydów
Overview Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin ...
Epoksydowanie bez ostrości
Epoksydowanie bez ostrości
The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The ...
Katalizowane kwasem otwieranie pierścieni epoksydów
Katalizowane kwasem otwieranie pierścieni epoksydów
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the ...
Katalizowane zasadą otwieranie pierścieni epoksydów
Katalizowane zasadą otwieranie pierścieni epoksydów
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of ...
Struktura i nomenklatura tioli i siarczków
Struktura i nomenklatura tioli i siarczków
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are ...
Przygotowanie i reakcje tioli
Przygotowanie i reakcje tioli
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane ...
Otrzymywanie i reakcje siarczków
Otrzymywanie i reakcje siarczków
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups ...
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