<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50560">Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup and Operation</a></h2>
Alexander Gruenberger, Christopher Probst, Antonia Heyer, Wolfgang Wiechert, Julia Frunkze, Dietrich Kohlheyer
In this protocol the fabrication, setup and basic operation of a microfluidic picoliter bioreactor (PLBR) for single-cell analysis of prokaryotic microorganisms is introduced. Industrially relevant microorganisms were analyzed as proof of principle allowing insights into growth rate, morphology and phenotypic heterogeneity over certain time periods, hardly possible with conventional methods.
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50666">Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data</a></h2>
Andrew J. McElrone1,2, Thomas M. Shapland2, Arturo Calderon2,3, Li Fitzmaurice4,5, Kyaw Tha Paw U4, Richard L. Snyder4
1Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 2Department of Viticulture &#38; Enology, University of California, Davis, 3Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, 4Atmospheric Science, University of California, Davis, 5URS Corporation Australia Pty. Ltd.
Surface renewal is a micrometeorological method that is being used increasingly to determine energy fluxes, but its technical complexity makes it inaccessible to a broad audience. We describe the steps needed to set up and calibrate a surface renewal field station, to acquire and process data, and to correctly interpret results.
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50993">Isolation of Viable Multicellular Glands from Tissue of the Carnivorous Plant, Nepenthes</a></h2>
Sandy Rottloff1, Axel Mith&#246;fer2, Ute M&#252;ller3, Roland Kilper3
1Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Universit&#233; de Lorraine, 2Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 3aura optik
Plants glands are specialized structures responsible for the biosynthesis and secretion of many compounds involved in interactions with the biotic environment. To enable studies on their molecular and biochemical features, a mechanical micropreparation technique was established in order to isolate single metabolically active glands, here from the carnivorous plant Nepenthes.
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50795">Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization</a></h2>
Vania Tacher1, MingDe Lin2, Nikhil Bhagat1, Nadine Abi Jaoudeh3, Alessandro Radaelli4, Niels Noordhoek4, Bart Carelsen4, Bradford J. Wood3, Jean-Fran&#231;ois Geschwind1
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 2Clinical Informatics, Interventional, and Translational Solutions (CIITS), Philips Research North America, 3<a href='/institutions/NA-north-america/US-united-states/MD-maryland/24829-national-institutes-of-health'>Center for Interventional Oncology, Interventional Radiology Section, National Institutes of Health</a>, 4Interventional X-ray, Philips Healthcare
Dual-phase cone-beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) is a useful intraprocedural imaging technique for transarterial chemo-embolization treatment with drug-eluting beads of hepatocellular carcinoma. DP-CBCT has been used to perform three major steps in oncologic interventional radiology: tumor localization (see), navigation and intraprocedural catheter guidance (reach), and intraprocedural evaluation of treatment success (treat).
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50421">High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques</a></h2>
Laura Ekstrand, Nikolaus Karpinsky, Yajun Wang, Song Zhang
<a href='/institutions/NA-north-america/US-united-states/IA-iowa/79-iowa-state-university'>3D Machine Vision Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University</a>
This video describes the fundamentals of digital fringe projection techniques, which provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;It also demonstrates the design and operation of a high-speed binary defocusing system based on these techniques.

december 2013: this month in jove

Here's a look at what's coming up in the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/82">December 2013 issue</a> of <a href="http://www.jove.com">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.
This holiday season, we bring you techniques for studying carnivorous plants. <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50993">Rottloff et al.</a> study Nepenthes, also known as pitcher plants. They mostly prey on insects, but some species have been known to trap and digest small lizards, birds, and even rodents. Inside the pitcher are tiny glands that secrete digestive fluid and take up the nutrients released from the prey. Using a mechanized microdissection technique, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50993">Rottloff et al.</a> precisely isolate these glands, which can then be processed for RNA extraction and gene expression analysis. Genes of interest can be directly amplified from the glands without an additional DNA extraction step. This technique facilitates the analysis of specific genes as well as gene expression in the digestive glands of these meat-eating plants.
In <a href="http://www.jove.com/bioengineering">JoVE Bioengineering</a>, typical microbial experiments are performed on bulk cultures containing billions of cells. This month, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50560">Gruenberger et al.</a> present a microfluidic cultivation device to study bacterial physiology on a single-cell level. The device is first designed using CAD software and then fabricated out of PDMS. Picoliter bioreactors in the microfluidic device restrict bacteria to monolayer growth. The chip is mounted on a microscope, which is focused on the bioreactors. Bacterial suspension is infused into the chip to seed the bioreactors with single cells. Through time-lapse microscopy, various biological processes can be studied in real time.
In <a href="http://www.jove.com/enviro">JoVE Environment</a>, we have a protocol that tackles water shortage, a major concern for not only agriculture, but also wetland science, forestry, urban planning, and industry. In the environment, much water is lost through evapotranspiration (a combination of evaporation and plant transpiration). <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50666">McElrone et al.</a> use a solar-powered field station to measure surface renewal, which provides estimates of crop evapotranspiration. This system can efficiently quantify water use in real time, facilitating water conservation in multiple settings.
<a name="_GoBack"></a>In <a href="http://www.jove.com/ctm">Clinical and Translational Medicine</a>, image guidance is the cornerstone of many interventional techniques, and advances in optical imaging have revolutionized many health care practices. One such practice is trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), a minimally invasive treatment for hepatic tumors. Chemotherapeutic drugs are delivered to the tumor through its feeding arteries along with an occluding agent, which blocks the blood supply to starve the tumor. In this issue of JoVE, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50795">Tacher et al.</a> use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to guide transarterial chemoembolization. They first perform angiography to visualize the blood vessels and locate the tumor. Then, they acquire CBCT images to verify the supplying vessels and construct a tumor road map, which guides drug delivery to the tumor.
Advanced imaging technologies continue to revolutionize medicine and many other fields. Not surprisingly, 3D optical imaging is the focus of extensive research. In <a href="http://www.jove.com/ap">JoVE Applied Physics</a>, we feature a technique called digital fringe projection, which provides dense, superfast 3D measurements of dynamic surfaces. <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50421">Ekstrand et al.</a> present the principles of digital fringe projection and illustrate its design and operation. They also demonstrate its many potential uses, including facial function analysis, cardiac mechanics studies, and enhanced video conferencing
You've just had a sneak peek of the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/82">December 2013 issue</a> of <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE</a>. Visit the website to see the full-length articles, plus many more, in <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about December 2013: This Month in JoVE at JoVE.com

December 2013: This Month in JoVE

Here's a look at what's coming up in the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/82/december-2013">December 2013</a> issue of JoVE.

Here's a look at what's coming up in the December 2013 issue of JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.
This holiday season, we bring you techniques ...

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1.9K Views.  Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Here's a look at what's coming up in the December 2013 issue of JoVE.

Video: December 2013: This Month in JoVE

August 2012: This Month in JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens free lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.
Back in 2009, the Ozcan lab published their first article, which demonstrated the use of a lens-free imaging platform that could image cells within whole blood. This imaging technique involves placing a sample directly on an optoelectric sensor array, like the CCD or CMOS chips found in the standard camcorder. Then, LED illumination from above the sample casts shadows on the chip, which are recorded as digital holograms that can be subjected to image processing. Not only does this lensless imaging system allow for an extremely large field of view (FOV of 0.6-8 cm2), the lack of bulky optical components makes it excellent for microfluidic applications. The Ozcan group demonstrates this in their follow-up 2011 JoVE article, in which fluorescently labeled white blood cells are imaged within a microfluidic chip.
This August in JoVE, the Ozcan group demonstrates further advancements to their lens-free microscopy platform by applying it to tomographic imaging of the nematode, C. elegans. By changing the angle of illumination, using a motorized rotation stage, the Ozcan group shows how multiple holographic slices may be generated for a sample-which, following processing, can be combined into tomograms. The Ozcan group confirms that their 3D reconstruction of the worm is successful by citing that the pharyngeal tube, a 5-micron-thick structure, is only visible in a single slice and in a 3D reconstructed cross section.
The compact and inexpensive nature of the lens-free imaging systems - designed and assembled by the Ozcan group - make them well suited for point-of-care diagnostic applications, or even cell phone based microscopy that can be performed in the field.
At the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at University of California, San Francisco JoVE learns how to visualize morphological changes in single cells using three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy and computer analysis. In this procedure, cells are given agonist, antagonist plus agonist, or no treatment, and prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. Three-dimensional images are acquired with the help of a two-photon laser system, and the fluorescence data are processed on the computer using Imaris and Matlab.
To demonstrate the power of this technique, our authors quantify single-cell phenotypic changes in transfected HEK293 cells. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis shows dramatic changes in cells treated with agonist. These changes are not always apparent when using conventional 2D analysis. This technique allows morphological changes in single cells to be quantified and characterized in response to pharmacologic stimuli, offering a powerful new assessment tool to the arsenal of drug discovery research.
This month, in JoVE Applied Physics, we travel to South Carolina to visit the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University. Here, researchers show us how to construct lithium batteries for laboratory research.
The basic components of a lithium coin cell are the working electrode, the lithium electrolyte, and a lithium foil counter electrode. The different components of the coin cell are carefully assembled and sealed with a crimping machine. The finished coin cell can then be characterized in a battery tester. Using their homemade coin cells, our researchers can experiment with using different materials to make the cathodes of lithium coin cells.
This month in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we head to Basel, Switzerland to witness two techniques for diagnosing helminth infections. We also see how investigators perform the shuttle run test in children, in order to assess the effects of these infections on physical fitness.
Helminths are parasitic worms that can live inside humans and animals. Many species infect the intestinal tract, and may be transmitted through soil. Our authors demonstrate the Kato-Katz technique, which is used for diagnosing several common soil-transmitted helminths. They also demonstrate the Baermann technique, which uses light to stimulate the migration of certain types of phototactic helminths out of sample preparations. The various types of helminth species can subsequently be determined based on morphology.
Our authors then demonstrate how to set up and perform a 20-meter shuttle run test for children, and to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness. This method can help determine the true burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections on overall health.
This brief summary highlights but a few notable video-articles that will be released in August. We'll also feature articles that demonstrate how to express genes in the midbrain of the chick embryo, study neutrophil transmigration in parallel flow chambers lined with endothelial cells, and precisely measure proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

2012: A Year In Review

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE reached a major milestone by publishing our 1500th article. In this publication, in JoVE Bioengineering, Yu et al. described a method for analyzing the free radical composition of cigarette smoke. This method simulated cigarette puffing with a single-port smoking device, and combined it with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure the degree to which antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke. A possible outcome of this research is the creation of less harmful cigarettes.
JoVE Bioengineering also contained the most-viewed article of 2012. Owczarczak et al. described a method for hacking a standard inkjet printer, loading ink cartridges with a cell-suspension "bioink," and printing lines of live cells onto glass slides. The thermal inkjet printing process creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, visualized by the incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin monomers. This concept, called "bioprinting," has many potential applications in cell and tissue engineering.
Also in 2012, JoVE Bioengineering featured a protocol by Hsia et al. for isolating and purifying spider silk protein, spinning it into fibers, and assessing the fiber strength. This protocol for laboratory-scale production of spider silk, which is stronger than tensile steel, can potentially be extended to large-scale manufacturing.
In JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine, we featured a number of articles related to stroke, one of which. In one article, M&ouml;bius-Winkler et al. demonstrated placement of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device from Boston Scientific. This device is designed to prevent strokes by trapping clots within the left atrial appendage of the heart before they exit. Our authors demonstrated how to insert the guide wire through the femoral artery into the heart, advance the device into the left atrium, and deploy the device in the left atrial appendage.
Another article focused on stroke, Hamel et al. described the use of a driving simulator to study how patients compensate for visual field defects following stroke. By analyzing the compensatory gaze behavior of patients as they navigated through virtual driving courses with varying degrees of complexity, our authors see great potential for the use of driving simulators in stroke rehabilitation.
In JoVE Immunology and Infection, we published an article by Keyel et al. describing the real-time kinetics of immune cell responses to bacterial toxins using live cell microscopy. Combined with high-speed 3D confocal microscopy, this technique can also visualize the cellular repair response.
Also in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we featured an article by Yap et al. describing methods for diagnosing helminth infections in children. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and may be distinguished based on their morphology. The same article demonstrated how to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness in children, which is a measure of overall health.
In JoVE Neuroscience, we featured a method by Hoffmann et al., who used tiny headphones to alter the auditory feedback in songbirds, and analyzed the computational and neurophysiological basis of vocal learning in birds when they adjust their singing in response to altered acoustic signals.
Also in JoVE Neuroscience, we moved from birds to bees with a method that assesses associative and non-associative tactile learning in honeybees. This method, by Mujagi&#263; et al., allowed bees to scan different metal surfaces with their antennae, then conditioned them to expect sugar water when their antennae touched particular surfaces, and analyzed the corresponding changes in antennal movement.
In 2012, we launched a brand-new section: JoVE Applied Physics, which features articles on subjects ranging from plasma physics to material science. The Applied Physics section also contained JoVE's 2000th video article, filmed in a synchrotron radiation facility, where Borisenko et al. showed how to determine the electronic structure of complex materials using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
In the JoVE General section, we published an article by Artioli et al. demonstrating the use of a portable gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption during complex exercise - such as judo. By analyzing oxygen consumption and collecting blood for measuring plasma lactate concentration, this method can determine the relative contributions of different energy systems to specific aspects of complex exercise.
Finally, JoVE followed Dolhi et al. to a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. There, scientists drilled through the ice to study single-celled microorganisms called protists that live in the harsh conditions of Antarctica.
This Year in Review was just a brief glimpse of a few of over 600 video articles that JoVE offered in 2012. Browse the JoVE archives to see thousands of other videos, and stay tuned for what's coming up this year in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

 
 
Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE ...