<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/51294">Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology</a></h2>
Xiaofeng Cui*1,2,3, Guifang Gao*2,4, Tomo Yonezawa5,6, Guohao Dai1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2Stemorgan Inc., 3Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 4Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, 5Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 6Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
The methods described in this paper show how to convert a commercial inkjet printer into a bioprinter with simultaneous UV polymerization. The printer is capable of constructing 3D tissue structure with cells and biomaterials. The study demonstrated here constructed a 3D neocartilage.
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/51705"> Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children</a></h2>
Johannes Bathelt1, Helen O'Reilly2, Michelle de Haan1
1Cognitive Neuroscience &amp; Neuropsychiatry Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, 2Academic Division of Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in estimating the cortical sources of scalp measured electrical activity for cognitive neuroscience experiments. This article describes how high density EEG is acquired and how recordings are processed for cortical source estimation in children from the age of 2 years at the London Baby Lab.
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50682">3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache</a></h2>
Alexandre F. DaSilva*1,2,3, Thiago D. Nascimento*1, Tiffany Love*3, Marcos F. DosSantos1, Ilkka K. Martikainen1,3, Chelsea M. Cummiford3, Misty DeBoer1, Sarah R. Lucas1, MaryCatherine A. Bender1, Robert A. Koeppe4, Theodore Hall5, Sean Petty5, Eric Maslowski5, Yolanda R. Smith6, Jon-Kar Zubieta3
1Headache &amp; Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biological &amp; Materials Sciences Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 2Michigan Center for Oral Health Research (MCOHR), University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 3Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Molecular &amp; Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 4PET Physics Section, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, University of Michigan, 53DLab, University of Michigan, 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
In this study, the authors report for the first time a novel 3D-Immersive &#38; Interactive Neuronavigation (3D-IIN) through the impact of a spontaneous migraine headache attack in the &#956;-opioid system of a patient's brain in vivo.
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/51541">Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System</a></h2>
J&#252;rgen Blum, Eike Beitz, Mohtashim Bukhari, Bastian Gundlach, Jan-Hendrik Hagemann, Daniel Hei&#223;elmann, Stefan Kothe, Rainer Schr&#228;pler, Ingo von Borstel, Ren&#233; Weidling
Institut f&#252;r Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universit&#228;t Braunschweig
We present a technique to achieve low-velocity to intermediate-velocity collisions between fragile dust aggregates in the laboratory. For this purpose, two vacuum drop-tower setups have been developed that allow collision velocities between &#60;0.01 and ~10 m/sec. The collision events are recorded by high-speed imaging.

june 2014: this month in jove - 3d virtual navigation in the human brain, simulation of planet formation, and bioprinting cultured cartilage grafts

Here's a look at what's coming up in the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/88">June 2014 issue</a> of <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.
The human brain has been called the next frontier of scientific discovery. In coming years scientists will greatly advance our understanding of how the brain works, leading to new methods of diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for many neurological disorders. <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/88">This month in JoVE</a> we feature two new techniques that can help scientists navigate through uncharted territories of the human brain.
In the <a href="http://www.jove.com/ctm">Clinical &amp; Translational Medicine</a> section, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50682">DaSilva et al.</a> analyze changes in neurological processes that occur during migraine headaches. They scan the brain of a migraine patient using two methods: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which uses the magnetic properties of water molecules to image living tissues; and positron emission tomography (PET), which detects gamma rays emitted by a radionuclide tracer. The neuroimaging data are displayed in a special format, so through special shutter glasses, users can see the images in a three-dimensional, virtual-reality environment. This technique allows real-time interaction and navigation through the brains of patients with migraines, and can be applied to other neurological disorders such as neuralgia, depression, and addiction.
In the <a href="http://www.jove.com/behavior">Behavior</a> section, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/51705">Bathelt et al.</a> map the sources of cognitive activities in a child's cerebral cortex. Brain activity is assessed with electroencephalography (EEG), which measures electrical changes caused by neural activity, and the sources of the EEG recordings are mapped using head models based on MRI scans. These maps show different cortical regions of activation in response to different cognitive stimuli. This technique can help scientists understand the foundations of complex cognitive skills in the developing brain.
In <a href="http://www.jove.com/ap">JoVE Applied Physics</a> we examine a very large developing system in a protocol that approximates conditions in the early Solar System so scientists can examine how planets form. Planet formation is thought to begin when microscopic dust particles accumulate to form fragile aggregates. Over a few thousand years, these aggregates can grow to around 1cm in diameter. When they collide, these aggregates may bounce off each other or break apart into fragments-but if the collision velocity is just right, the aggregates will stick to each other, gradually forming planets over millions of years. <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/51541">Blum et al.</a> developed laboratory setups that generate the collision velocities thought to promote planet formation, and record these collisions with high-speed imaging. With these studies, they hope to shed light on the physical forces that created our Solar System.
In the <a href="http://www.jove.com/bioengineering">bi</a>oengineering field, 3D printing is an exciting technology with many potential biomedical applications ranging from printing microfluidic arrays for cellular assays to producing physical models of imaging data. It can also be used to engineer actual tissue structures, which <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/51294">Cui et al.</a> demonstrate this month in <a href="http://www.jove.com/bioengineering">JoVE Bioengineering</a>. They convert a commercial inkjet printer into a bioprinter than can build tissue structures out of cells and biomaterials. They use this technology to print cultured cartilage grafts, which show excellent cell viability and production of proteoglycan, a component of connective tissue. This technique holds the potential to repair and regenerate multiple tissue types.
You've just had a sneak peek of the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/88">June 2014 issue</a> of JoVE. Visit the website to see the full-length articles, plus many more, in <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about June 2014: This Month in JoVE - 3D Virtual Navigation in the Human Brain, Simulation of Planet Formation, and Bioprinting Cultured Cartilage Grafts at JoVE.co

June 2014: This Month in JoVE - 3D Virtual Navigation in the Human Brain, Simulation of Planet Formation, and Bioprinting Cultured Cartilage Grafts

Here's a look at what's coming up in the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/88">June 2014</a> issue of JoVE.

Here's a look at what's coming up in the June 2014 issue of JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.
The human brain has been called the next frontier ...

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2.3K Views.  Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Here's a look at what's coming up in the June 2014 issue of JoVE.

Video: June 2014: This Month in JoVE - 3D Virtual Navigation in the Human Brain, Simulation of Planet Formation, and Bioprinting Cultured Cartilage Grafts

August 2012: This Month in JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens free lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.
Back in 2009, the Ozcan lab published their first article, which demonstrated the use of a lens-free imaging platform that could image cells within whole blood. This imaging technique involves placing a sample directly on an optoelectric sensor array, like the CCD or CMOS chips found in the standard camcorder. Then, LED illumination from above the sample casts shadows on the chip, which are recorded as digital holograms that can be subjected to image processing. Not only does this lensless imaging system allow for an extremely large field of view (FOV of 0.6-8 cm2), the lack of bulky optical components makes it excellent for microfluidic applications. The Ozcan group demonstrates this in their follow-up 2011 JoVE article, in which fluorescently labeled white blood cells are imaged within a microfluidic chip.
This August in JoVE, the Ozcan group demonstrates further advancements to their lens-free microscopy platform by applying it to tomographic imaging of the nematode, C. elegans. By changing the angle of illumination, using a motorized rotation stage, the Ozcan group shows how multiple holographic slices may be generated for a sample-which, following processing, can be combined into tomograms. The Ozcan group confirms that their 3D reconstruction of the worm is successful by citing that the pharyngeal tube, a 5-micron-thick structure, is only visible in a single slice and in a 3D reconstructed cross section.
The compact and inexpensive nature of the lens-free imaging systems - designed and assembled by the Ozcan group - make them well suited for point-of-care diagnostic applications, or even cell phone based microscopy that can be performed in the field.
At the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at University of California, San Francisco JoVE learns how to visualize morphological changes in single cells using three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy and computer analysis. In this procedure, cells are given agonist, antagonist plus agonist, or no treatment, and prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. Three-dimensional images are acquired with the help of a two-photon laser system, and the fluorescence data are processed on the computer using Imaris and Matlab.
To demonstrate the power of this technique, our authors quantify single-cell phenotypic changes in transfected HEK293 cells. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis shows dramatic changes in cells treated with agonist. These changes are not always apparent when using conventional 2D analysis. This technique allows morphological changes in single cells to be quantified and characterized in response to pharmacologic stimuli, offering a powerful new assessment tool to the arsenal of drug discovery research.
This month, in JoVE Applied Physics, we travel to South Carolina to visit the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University. Here, researchers show us how to construct lithium batteries for laboratory research.
The basic components of a lithium coin cell are the working electrode, the lithium electrolyte, and a lithium foil counter electrode. The different components of the coin cell are carefully assembled and sealed with a crimping machine. The finished coin cell can then be characterized in a battery tester. Using their homemade coin cells, our researchers can experiment with using different materials to make the cathodes of lithium coin cells.
This month in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we head to Basel, Switzerland to witness two techniques for diagnosing helminth infections. We also see how investigators perform the shuttle run test in children, in order to assess the effects of these infections on physical fitness.
Helminths are parasitic worms that can live inside humans and animals. Many species infect the intestinal tract, and may be transmitted through soil. Our authors demonstrate the Kato-Katz technique, which is used for diagnosing several common soil-transmitted helminths. They also demonstrate the Baermann technique, which uses light to stimulate the migration of certain types of phototactic helminths out of sample preparations. The various types of helminth species can subsequently be determined based on morphology.
Our authors then demonstrate how to set up and perform a 20-meter shuttle run test for children, and to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness. This method can help determine the true burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections on overall health.
This brief summary highlights but a few notable video-articles that will be released in August. We'll also feature articles that demonstrate how to express genes in the midbrain of the chick embryo, study neutrophil transmigration in parallel flow chambers lined with endothelial cells, and precisely measure proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

2012: A Year In Review

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE reached a major milestone by publishing our 1500th article. In this publication, in JoVE Bioengineering, Yu et al. described a method for analyzing the free radical composition of cigarette smoke. This method simulated cigarette puffing with a single-port smoking device, and combined it with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure the degree to which antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke. A possible outcome of this research is the creation of less harmful cigarettes.
JoVE Bioengineering also contained the most-viewed article of 2012. Owczarczak et al. described a method for hacking a standard inkjet printer, loading ink cartridges with a cell-suspension "bioink," and printing lines of live cells onto glass slides. The thermal inkjet printing process creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, visualized by the incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin monomers. This concept, called "bioprinting," has many potential applications in cell and tissue engineering.
Also in 2012, JoVE Bioengineering featured a protocol by Hsia et al. for isolating and purifying spider silk protein, spinning it into fibers, and assessing the fiber strength. This protocol for laboratory-scale production of spider silk, which is stronger than tensile steel, can potentially be extended to large-scale manufacturing.
In JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine, we featured a number of articles related to stroke, one of which. In one article, M&ouml;bius-Winkler et al. demonstrated placement of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device from Boston Scientific. This device is designed to prevent strokes by trapping clots within the left atrial appendage of the heart before they exit. Our authors demonstrated how to insert the guide wire through the femoral artery into the heart, advance the device into the left atrium, and deploy the device in the left atrial appendage.
Another article focused on stroke, Hamel et al. described the use of a driving simulator to study how patients compensate for visual field defects following stroke. By analyzing the compensatory gaze behavior of patients as they navigated through virtual driving courses with varying degrees of complexity, our authors see great potential for the use of driving simulators in stroke rehabilitation.
In JoVE Immunology and Infection, we published an article by Keyel et al. describing the real-time kinetics of immune cell responses to bacterial toxins using live cell microscopy. Combined with high-speed 3D confocal microscopy, this technique can also visualize the cellular repair response.
Also in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we featured an article by Yap et al. describing methods for diagnosing helminth infections in children. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and may be distinguished based on their morphology. The same article demonstrated how to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness in children, which is a measure of overall health.
In JoVE Neuroscience, we featured a method by Hoffmann et al., who used tiny headphones to alter the auditory feedback in songbirds, and analyzed the computational and neurophysiological basis of vocal learning in birds when they adjust their singing in response to altered acoustic signals.
Also in JoVE Neuroscience, we moved from birds to bees with a method that assesses associative and non-associative tactile learning in honeybees. This method, by Mujagi&#263; et al., allowed bees to scan different metal surfaces with their antennae, then conditioned them to expect sugar water when their antennae touched particular surfaces, and analyzed the corresponding changes in antennal movement.
In 2012, we launched a brand-new section: JoVE Applied Physics, which features articles on subjects ranging from plasma physics to material science. The Applied Physics section also contained JoVE's 2000th video article, filmed in a synchrotron radiation facility, where Borisenko et al. showed how to determine the electronic structure of complex materials using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
In the JoVE General section, we published an article by Artioli et al. demonstrating the use of a portable gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption during complex exercise - such as judo. By analyzing oxygen consumption and collecting blood for measuring plasma lactate concentration, this method can determine the relative contributions of different energy systems to specific aspects of complex exercise.
Finally, JoVE followed Dolhi et al. to a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. There, scientists drilled through the ice to study single-celled microorganisms called protists that live in the harsh conditions of Antarctica.
This Year in Review was just a brief glimpse of a few of over 600 video articles that JoVE offered in 2012. Browse the JoVE archives to see thousands of other videos, and stay tuned for what's coming up this year in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

 
 
Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE ...