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3D Orbital Tracking in a Modified Two-photon Microscope: An Application to the Tracking of Intracellular Vesicles

The objective of this video protocol is to discuss how to perform and analyze a three-dimensional fluorescent orbital particle tracking experiment using a ...

University of California, Irvine

In this paper, a supervised algorithm for vessel segmentation in red-free images of the human retina is proposed. The algorithm is modular and made up of two fundamental blocks. The optimal values of two algorithm parameters are found out by maximizing proper measures of performances (MOPs) able to evaluate from a quantitative point of view the results provided by the proposed algorithm. The choice of the MOP allows one to tailor the solution to the specific image features to be emphasized. The performances of the algorithm are compared with those of other methods described in the literature. The simulation results show a good trade-off between quality and processing speed times. For instance, in terms of the maximum average accuracy (MAA), K value, and specificity (SP), the best performance outcomes are 0.9587, 0.8069 and 0.9477, respectively.

A modular supervised algorithm for vessel segmentation in red-free retinal images.

Dysfunctions of dopaminergic homeostasis leading to either low or high dopamine (DA) levels are causally linked to Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction. Major sites of DA synthesis are the mesencephalic neurons originating in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area; these structures send major projections to the dorsal striatum (DSt) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), respectively. DA finely tunes its own synthesis and release by activating DA D2 receptors (D2R). To date, this critical D2R-dependent function was thought to be solely due to activation of D2Rs on dopaminergic neurons (D2 autoreceptors); instead, using site-specific D2R knock-out mice, we uncover that D2 heteroreceptors located on non-DAergic medium spiny neurons participate in the control of DA levels. This D2 heteroreceptor-mediated mechanism is more efficient in the DSt than in NAcc, indicating that D2R signaling differentially regulates mesolimbic- versus nigrostriatal-mediated functions. This study reveals previously unappreciated control of DA signaling, shedding new light on region-specific regulation of DA-mediated effects.

Article	Year
A modular supervised algorithm for vessel segmentation in red-free retinal images. Computers in biology and medicine\| PubMed ID: 18619588	2008
Dual control of dopamine synthesis and release by presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 22745501	2012

Andrea Anzalone

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