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Method Article
Nós apresentamos um protocolo para a avaliação funcional de bibliotecas de um único site saturação mutagênese abrangentes de proteínas utilizando sequenciamento de alto rendimento. É importante ressaltar que essa abordagem usa pares de primers ortogonais multiplex construção da biblioteca e sequenciamento. Os resultados representativos utilizando TEM-1 β-lactamase seleccionado a uma dosagem clinicamente relevante de ampicilina são fornecidos.
Site-directed mutagenesis has long been used as a method to interrogate protein structure, function and evolution. Recent advances in massively-parallel sequencing technology have opened up the possibility of assessing the functional or fitness effects of large numbers of mutations simultaneously. Here, we present a protocol for experimentally determining the effects of all possible single amino acid mutations in a protein of interest utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology, using the 263 amino acid antibiotic resistance enzyme TEM-1 β-lactamase as an example. In this approach, a whole-protein saturation mutagenesis library is constructed by site-directed mutagenic PCR, randomizing each position individually to all possible amino acids. The library is then transformed into bacteria, and selected for the ability to confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The fitness effect of each mutation is then determined by deep sequencing of the library before and after selection. Importantly, this protocol introduces methods which maximize sequencing read depth and permit the simultaneous selection of the entire mutation library, by mixing adjacent positions into groups of length accommodated by high-throughput sequencing read length and utilizing orthogonal primers to barcode each group. Representative results using this protocol are provided by assessing the fitness effects of all single amino acid mutations in TEM-1 at a clinically relevant dosage of ampicillin. The method should be easily extendable to other proteins for which a high-throughput selection assay is in place.
A mutagénese foi longa empregues no laboratório para estudar as propriedades de sistemas biológicos e a sua evolução, e para produzir proteínas mutantes ou organismos com funções melhoradas ou novos. Embora as primeiras abordagens invocado métodos que produzem mutações aleatórias em organismos, o advento da tecnologia de DNA recombinante permitiu aos investigadores a introduzir alterações seleccione a ADN de um modo específico do local, isto é., Mutagénese dirigida ao local 1,2. Com as técnicas actuais, tipicamente utilizando oligonucleótidos mutagénicos numa reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), é relativamente fácil de criar e avaliar um pequen....
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Nota: Consulte a Figura 1 para descrição do protocolo. Vários passos e reagentes no protocolo exigem medidas de segurança (indicados com "CUIDADO"). Consultar fichas de segurança antes de usar. Todos os passos do protocolo são realizadas à TA, a menos que outra indicação.
1. Prepare Meios de Cultura e placas
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O mapa do plasmídeo para as cinco plasmídeos pBR322 contendo locais de iniciação modificados ortogonais (pBR322_OP1 - pBR322_OP5) é mostrado na Figura 2A. Para testar se os iniciadores são específicos ortogonais, os PCRs foram realizadas utilizando cada par de iniciadores de individualmente ortogonais, juntamente com todos os cinco plasmídeos pBR322_OP1-5, ou com todos os plasmídeos menos o plasmídeo combinando o par de iniciadores ortogonal. O produto correcto.......
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Aqui é um protocolo descrito para realizar a avaliação funcional de bibliotecas de mutagénese de saturação total em proteínas, usando a tecnologia de sequenciação de alto rendimento. Um aspecto importante do método é o uso de iniciadores ortogonais durante o processo de clonagem. Resumidamente, cada posição de aminoácido é ao acaso por PCR mutagénica, e misturados entre si em grupos de posições em que o comprimento de sequência combinada é acomodada por sequenciação de alto rendimento. Estes grupos.......
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The authors declare they have no competing financial interests
R.R. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (RO1EY018720-05), the Robert A. Welch Foundation (I-1366), and the Green Center for Systems Biology.
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Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Typtone | Research Products Intl. Corp. | T60060-1000.0 | |
Yeast extract | Research Products Intl. Corp. | Y20020-500.0 | |
Sodium chloride | Fisher Scientific | BP358-212 | |
Potassium chloride | Sigma-Aldrich | P9333-500G | |
Magnesium sulfate | Sigma-Aldrich | M7506-500G | |
Agar | Fisher Scientific | BP1423-500 | |
Tetracycline hydrochloride | Sigma-Aldrich | T7660-5G | |
Petri plates | Corning | 351029 | |
MATLAB | Mathworks | http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/ | |
Oligonucleotide primers | Integrated DNA Technologies | https://www.idtdna.com/pages/products/dna-rna/custom-dna-oligos | 25 nmol scale, standard desalting |
pBR322_AvrII | available upon request | pBR322 plasmid modified to contain AvrII restriction site downstream of the TEM-1 gene | |
pBR322_OP1 – pBR322_OP5 | available upon request | five modified pBR322 plasmids each containing a pair of orthogonal priming sites | |
Q5 high-fidelity DNA polymerase | New England Biolabs | M0491L | includes 5x PCR buffer and PCR additive (GC enhancer) |
15 ml conical tube | Corning | 430025 | |
Multichannel pipettes (Eppendorf ResearchPlus) | Eppendorf | ||
PCR plate, 96 well | Fisher Scientific | 14230232 | |
96 well plate seal | Excel Scientific | F-96-100 | |
Veriti 96-well thermal cycler | Applied Biosystems | 4375786 | |
6x gel loading dye | New England Biolabs | B7024S | |
Agarose | Research Products Intl. Corp. | 20090-500.0 | |
Ethidium bromide | Bio-Rad | 161-0433 | |
UV transilluminator (FOTO/Analyst ImageTech) | Fotodyne Inc. | http://www.fotodyne.com/content/ImageTech_gel_documentation | |
EB buffer | Qiagen | 19086 | |
96-well black-walled, clear bottom assay plates | Corning | 3651 | |
Lambda phage DNA | New England Biolabs | N3011S | |
PicoGreen dsDNA reagent | Invitrogen | P7581 | dsDNA quantitation reagent, used in protocol step 2.2.4 |
Victor 3 V microplate reader | PerkinElmer | ||
DNA purification kit | Zymo Research | D4003 | |
Microcentrifuge tubes | Corning | 3621 | |
Long-wavelength UV illuminator | Fisher Scientific | FBUVLS-80 | |
Agarose gel DNA extraction buffer | Zymo Research | D4001-1-100 | |
AatII | New England Biolabs | R0117S | |
AvrII | New England Biolabs | R0174L | |
T4 DNA ligase | New England Biolabs | M0202S | |
EVB100 electrocompetent E. coli | Avidity | EVB100 | |
Electroporator (E. coli Pulser) | Bio-Rad | 1652102 | |
Electroporation cuvettes | Bio-Rad | 165-2089 | |
Spectrophotometer (Ultrospec 3100 pro) | Amersham Biosciences | 80211237 | |
50 ml conical tubes | Corning | 430828 | |
Plasmid purification kit | Macherey-Nagel | 740588.25 | |
8 well PCR strip tubes | Axygen | 321-10-551 | |
Qubit dsDNA HS assay kit | Invitrogen | Q32854 | dsDNA quantitation reagent |
Qubit assay tubes | Invitrogen | Q32856 | |
Qubit fluorometer | Invitrogen | Q32866 | |
Ampicillin sodium salt | Akron Biotechnology | 50824296 | |
MiSeq reagent kit v2 (500 cycles) | Illumina | MS-102-2003 | |
MiSeq desktop sequencer | Illumina | http://www.illumina.com/systems/miseq.html | alternatively, one could sequence on Illumina HiSeq platform |
FLASh software | John Hopkins University - open source | http://ccb.jhu.edu/software/FLASH/ | software to merge paired-end reads from next-generation sequencing data |
AatII_F | GATAATAATGGTTTCTTAGACG TCAGGTGGC | ||
AvrII_R | CTTCACCTAGGTCCTTTTAAAT TAAAAATGAAG | ||
AvrII_F | CTTCATTTTTAATTTAAAAGGA CCTAGGTGAAG | ||
AatII_OP1_R | ACCTGACGTCCGTATTTCAAC TGTCCGGTCTAAGAAACCATT ATTATCATGACATTAAC | ||
AatII_OP2_R | ACCTGACGTCCGCTCACGGA GTGTACTAATTAAGAAACCATT ATTATCATGACATTAAC | ||
AatII_OP3_R | ACCTGACGTCGTACGTCTGA ACTTGGGACTTAAGAAACCA TTATTATCATGACATTAAC | ||
AatII_OP4_R | ACCTGACGTCCCGTTCTCGAT ACCAAGTGATAAGAAACCATT ATTATCATGACATTAAC | ||
AatII_OP5_R | ACCTGACGTCGTCCGTCGGA GTAACAATCTTAAGAAACCAT TATTATCATGACATTAAC | ||
OP1_F | GACCGGACAGTTGAAATACG | ||
OP1_R | CGACGTACAGGACAATTTCC | ||
OP2_F | ATTAGTACACTCCGTGAGCG | ||
OP2_R | AGTATTAGGCGTCAAGGTCC | ||
OP3_F | AGTCCCAAGTTCAGACGTAC | ||
OP3_R | GAAAAGTCCCAATGAGTGCC | ||
OP4_F | TCACTTGGTATCGAGAACGG | ||
OP4_R | TATCACGGAAGGACTCAACG | ||
OP5_F | AGATTGTTACTCCGACGGAC | ||
OP5_R | TATAACAGGCTGCTGAGACC | ||
Group1_F | ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC GCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNGC ATTTTGCCTACCGGTTTTTGC | ||
Group1_R | GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTG TGCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNTC TTGCCCGGCGTCAAC | ||
Group2_F | ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC GCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNGA ACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCAC | ||
Group2_R | GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTG TGCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNGT CCTCCGATCGTTGTCAGAAG | ||
Group3_F | ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC GCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNAG TAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCC | ||
Group3_R | GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTG TGCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNTC GCCAGTTAATAGTTTGCGC | ||
Group4_F | ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC GCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNCC AAACGACGAGCGTGACAC | ||
Group4_R | GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTG TGCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNGC AATGATACCGCGAGACCC | ||
Group5_F | ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGAC GCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNCG GCTGGCTGGTTTATTGC | ||
Group5_R | GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTG TGCTCTTCCGATCTNNNNNTAT ATGAGTAAACTTGGTCTGACAG | ||
501_F | AATGATACGGCGACCACCGA GATCTACACTATAGCCTACAC TCTTTCCCTACACGAC | ||
502_F | AATGATACGGCGACCACCGA GATCTACACATAGAGGCACA CTCTTTCCCTACACGAC | ||
503_F | AATGATACGGCGACCACCGA GATCTACACCCTATCCTACAC TCTTTCCCTACACGAC | ||
504_F | AATGATACGGCGACCACCGA GATCTACACGGCTCTGAACA CTCTTTCCCTACACGAC | ||
505_F | AATGATACGGCGACCACCGA GATCTACACAGGCGAAGACA CTCTTTCCCTACACGAC | ||
701_R | CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATAC GAGATCGAGTAATGTGACTG GAGTTCAGACGTG | ||
702_R | CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATAC GAGATTCTCCGGAGTGACTG GAGTTCAGACGTG |
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