GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.

Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for relative positioning, even over long distances. This method is ideal for control surveys requiring extreme precision.

However, static GPS demands prolonged observation times — typically 30 minutes to over an hour — depending on factors like satellite geometry and atmospheric conditions. While its elevation accuracy may be less reliable, static GPS remains preferred for large-scale, high-precision tasks.

Kinematic GPS collects data while the receiver is in motion, making it suitable for dynamic applications like vehicle tracking, topographic mapping, and aerial surveys. It allows rapid spatial data collection, achieving accuracy comparable to static GPS when the receiver pauses briefly at each point.

A limitation of kinematic GPS is its need for uninterrupted visibility of at least four satellites, ideally five or more. This restricts its use in obstructed environments like dense forests or urban areas. Despite this, it excels in open settings where continuous tracking is essential.

Real-time kinematic GPS surveying delivers real-time centimeter-level accuracy using a base station and rover receivers, which communicate via radio signals for differential corrections. It supports continuous data collection and point-specific measurements, commonly called "stop-and-go" methods. RTK is widely used in mapping, engineering layout, and construction.

While RTK provides exceptional horizontal accuracy, vertical precision can be less reliable. Its effectiveness depends on factors like equipment quality and the base station's proximity to the rover. Despite these challenges, RTK has become indispensable for precise, real-time surveying and engineering tasks.