Os autores agradecer Dr. Lee Khai Pin, cabeça & Hospital consultor sênior, emergência infantil, KK feminina e infantil, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore para o apoio administrativo com a produção de vídeo do artigo. Artigo reproduzido com a permissão de "Handheld Metal Detector para metálico estrangeiros corpo ingestão em pediátrica emergência"; Agosto de 2018:85 (8): 618-624; Gabriela Gabriele Hamzah, James vigília, Suraj Manickam Sashikumar Ganapathy: copyright The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.

O protocolo segue as diretrizes do Comitê de ética em pesquisa humana institucional. O Conselho de revisão institucional central desde a aprovação da ética para o estudo.
1. participante de triagem
<ol><li>Recrute pacientes que apresentam para o departamento de emergência pediátrico com história de ingestão de corpo estranho.</li>
	<li>Exclua os pacientes que estão com problemas respiratórios e implantaram dispositivos como ritmo fabricantes.</li>
</ol>2. preparar o paciente
<ol><li>Vesti o paciente em um roupão de hospital.</li>
	<li>Remova todos os itens que podem conter objectos metálicos, tais como roupas, óculos, brincos, pingentes e enfeites antes do exame para evitar interferência com o rastreio HHMD.</li>
	<li>Coloca o paciente no centro da sala longe de outras potenciais interferências metálicas.</li>
</ol>3. prepare o examinador e cuidadores
<ol><li>Retire todos os acessórios metálicos, tais como joias e relógio.</li>
	<li>Solicite o cuidador para remover todos os acessórios metálicos, tais como joias e relógio.</li>
</ol>4. metal Detector triagem
<ol><li>Use o HHMD (Figura 1) para realizar o rastreio.</li>
	<li>Confirme o status de trabalho da HHMD por suscitar um sinal positivo de audiovisual acenando sobre um pedaço de metal.</li>
	<li>Execute o HHMD digitalização em uma posição ereta para crianças maiores.</li>
	<li>Execute a varredura em uma posição ereta para infantes por ter a preensão do cuidador do paciente adequadamente HHMD.</li>
	<li>Segure as mãos do paciente e longe do corpo.</li>
	<li>Posição da cabeça do paciente em extensão para expor o pescoço.</li>
	<li>Digitalize a partir do nível do queixo ao nível da articulação do quadril para cobrir as áreas anatômicas do pescoço a pélvis.</li>
	<li>Fazer a varredura de uma forma de zig-zag em todo o corpo para garantir que cada área tem sido verificada.</li>
	<li>Digitalizar-ambos anteriormente e posteriormente como a espessura do paciente deve ser levada em consideração.</li>
	<li>Observe cuidadosamente o sinal de áudio-visual positivo durante a verificação da presença de MFBs.</li>
</ol>5. Realize a radiografia relevante
<ol><li>Ordem da radiografia relevante do pescoço, tórax ou abdômen, conforme a área detectada pela triagem de HHMD para os MFBs.</li>
	<li>Prosseguir com todas as exibições de raio-x (pescoço, peito e abdômen) se a MFB não foi detectado durante a triagem de HHMD e o índice clínico de suspeita de ingestão de corpo estranho é alta.</li>
</ol>6. gravar os resultados do teste
<ol><li>Recorde os resultados do teste no diário de bordo (Figura 2) criado especificamente baseiam no fluxo de trabalho (Figura 1).</li>
	<li>Correlacione o sinal positivo de HHMD audiovisual com o Marco ósseo subjacente no corpo, por palpar os seguintes Marcos ósseos proeminentes - entalhe esternal, xiphisternum, sínfise púbica e crista ilíaca bilateral.</li>
	<li>Grave o marco no contorno de referência anatômica do diário de bordo antes de prosseguir com o exame de raio-x.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lee, J., Ahmad, S., Gale, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+coins+ingested+by+children+using+a+handheld+metal+detector:+a+systematic+review.">Detection of coins ingested by children using a handheld metal detector: a systematic review.</a> Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (12), 839-844 (2005).</li><li>Hesham A-Kader, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+body+ingestion:+children+like+to+put+objects+in+their+mouth.">Foreign body ingestion: children like to put objects in their mouth.</a> World Journal of Pediatrics. 6 (4), 301-310 (2010).</li><li>Muensterer, O. 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A., Forte, V., Papsin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercially+available+metal+detector+for+the+localization+of+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+children.">Use of a commercially available metal detector for the localization of metallic foreign body ingestion in children.</a> The Journal of Otolaryngology. 29 (4), 218-220 (2000).</li><li>Sacchetti, A., Carraccio, C., Lichenstein, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+metal+detector+identification+of+ingested+foreign+bodies.">Hand-held metal detector identification of ingested foreign bodies.</a> Pediatric Emergency Care. 10 (4), 204-207 (1994).</li><li>Hamzah, H. B., James, V., Manickam, S., Ganapathy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+Metal+Detector+for+Metallic+Foreign+Body+Ingestion+in+Pediatric+Emergency.">Handheld Metal Detector for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency.</a> Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 85 (8), 618-624 (2018).</li><li>Doraiswamy, N. V., Baig, H., Hallam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+detector+and+swallowed+metal+foreign+bodies+in+children.">Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children.</a> Journal of Accident &amp; Emergency Medicine. 16 (2), 123-125 (1999).</li><li>Seikel, K., Primm, P. A., Elizondo, B. J., Remley, K. 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Os autores não têm nada para divulgar.

Metálico estrangeiros, ingestão de corpo em crianças é um problema comum e na maioria dos pacientes, isto é gerenciado conservadoramente7,16. Radiografias simples ou repetidas podem expor a população pediátrica da rádio sensível ao risco de radiação indesejada ao tentar localizar o corpo estranho metálico ingerido. Vários estudos têm descrito o uso de detectores de metais na ingestão de MFB em crianças, com sensibilidade a mais de 96% e especific...

Ingestão de corpo estranho é um problema generalizado entre as crianças, apresentando-se ao departamento de emergência pediátrico devido a natural natureza inquisitiva dos lactentes e crianças explorar objetos de degustação e engoli-los1,2. Estudos anteriores relataram que objetos metálicos constituíam 85% de todos os animais de corpo estranho na sua coorte de pacientes3,4. O objetivo do presente protocolo é avaliar a precisão e a viabilidade do uso de um detector de metais portátil para detectar corpos estranhos metálicos ingeridos em crianças. Propomos que, introduzindo o detector de metais portátil protocolo cedo no processo de triagem de crianças com alta suspeita de ingestão de corpo estranho metálico de triagem, o número de radiografias, sendo ordenado a localizar o corpo estranho metálico pode ser reduzido nesta população de radio-sensível.
Detector de metais portátil (HHMD) é um complemento barato, facilmente acessível que pode ajudar a agilizar a gestão de corpos estranhos metálicos ingeridos. Detector de metais é um dispositivo muito baixa frequência, que tem um receptor e um transmissor que detecta a alteração no seu campo eletromagnético causado pela presença de um objecto metálico nas suas proximidades3. Se um objeto metálico é dentro do campo, o campo eletromagnético é interrompido e o sensor irá disparar um alarme audiovisual sobre o dispositivo4. O exame de detector de metais pode ser executado completamente em menos de 2 minutos5. Portanto, a triagem de HHMD pode ser introduzida mais cedo no processo de triagem de crianças com alta suspeita de ingestão de corpo estranho metálico para localização topográfica.
As moedas são os mais comuns corpos estranhos metálicos engolido1,4,6,7. Devido à falta de bordas afiadas e a natureza geral de tóxicos, a maioria dos animais de moeda é gerenciada conservadoramente. Outros tipos de materiais comumente ingeridas incluem ímãs, pilhas de botão, brinquedos pequenos, amendoins, joias, botões, ossos, sementes e pipoca8,9. Impactação de corpos estranhos ocorre mais comumente no esôfago em três locais, nomeadamente do esfíncter esofágico superior, esôfago médio ao nível do arco aórtico e de esfíncter esofágico inferior10. Corpos estranhos metálicos (MFBs) localizados no esôfago podem ser assintomáticos em 40% dos pacientes11,12 e sua impactação prolongada pode levar a várias complicações, como perfuração esofágica, mediastinite, fístulas aorto-esofágico1,13,14,15, estenose traqueal e fístula traqueoesofágica. Outros locais de impactação de corpo estranho incluem piloro, duodeno e ileo-cecal junção10.
Realizar radiografias do pescoço, tórax e abdômen para diagnosticar a suspeita de ingestão de corpo estranho é uma prática generalizada nos departamentos de emergência5. Entre todos os tipos dos corpos estranhos ingeridos, apenas 10% são radiopacos10. Os exames radiológicos são demorados e têm um risco de exposição à radiação em crianças. Localização topográfica precisa ingeridos de objectos de metal é muito crucial para orientar a terapia. A introdução de HHMD triagem no processo de triagem pode ajudar a atenuar a estranhos pedidos de radiografias por topograficamente, localizando o corpo estranho metálico ingerido.
Este estudo avaliou a precisão de HHMD para localizar MFBs de forma sistemática e topográfica e determinar a eficácia e a viabilidade de HHMD na população pediátrica local. Também examinamos como bem esta radiação livre ferramenta de triagem foi aceita pelos pacientes e pais. Entre maio e julho de 2016, todos os pacientes consecutivos que apresentou ao departamento de emergência pediátrico com uma história de ingestão de corpo estranho foram incluídos no estudo. Foi obtido o consentimento do pai ou tutor legal. Pacientes com ingestão de corpo estranho alegada sistematicamente foram digitalizados usando HHMD. O padrão-ouro de cuidados para a identificação e localização de corpos estranhos metálicos ingeridos está realizando radiografias simples da área cervical, tórax e abdômen. Para facilitar a realização do estudo, um fluxo de trabalho padronizado foi criado (Figura 1). Um livro de registo especificamente criado com base no fluxo de trabalho foi usado para coletar os dados iniciais, que foram posteriormente transcritas para uma planilha (Figura 2). Os dados na seção de resultado são retratados como o número de casos, seguido por porcentagens.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

Moedas são os corpos estranhos metálicos ingeridos mais comuns entre as crianças. O objetivo do presente protocolo é avaliar a precisão e a viabilidade do uso de um detector de metais portátil para detectar corpos estranhos metálicos ingeridos em crianças. Propomos que, através da introdução de rastreio de detector de metais portátil mais cedo no processo de triagem de crianças com alta suspeita de ingestão de corpo estranho metálico, o número de radiografias, sendo ordenado a localizar o corpo estranho metálico pode ser reduzido neste rádio sensível à população. O protocolo de estudo requer a seleção dos participantes para a história de ingestão de corpo estranho e exclusão de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória ou implantes metálicos. O paciente muda a roupa de hospital e itens que poderiam conter metal como óculos, brincos, pingentes e enfeites são removidos. O paciente é posicionado no centro da sala, longe de outras interferências metálicas. O status de trabalho do detector de metais portátil primeiro é confirmado por suscitar um sinal positivo de áudio-visual. Então o rastreio é feito em uma posição ereta com cabeça em extensão para expor o pescoço, do nível do queixo ao nível da articulação do quadril, para cobrir as áreas anatômicas do pescoço a pélvis em forma de zig-zag, tanto anteriormente como posteriormente. Um sinal positivo de audiovisual é cuidadosamente observado durante a verificação da presença de corpo estranho metálico. Radiografias pertinentes são ordenadas conforme a área detectada na triagem detector de metais. O detector de metais portátil foi capaz de identificar precisamente todas as moedas entre os ingerido corpos estranhos metálicos em nosso estudo. O detector de metais portátil consistentemente não poderia detectar não-moeda metálicos corpos estranhos. Este protocolo demonstra a precisão do detector de metais portátil na identificação e localização de moedas e moedas como corpos estranhos metálicos.

Os pesquisadores recrutaram 36 pacientes para este estudo observacional. Estes pacientes apresentaram-se ao departamento de emergência pediátrico com uma história de ingestão de corpo estranho. Entre estes, 28 pacientes apresentavam animais de corpo estranho metálico (Figura 3). Os restantes 8 pacientes ingeriu corpos estranhos não-metálicos, tais como ossos de peixes, satay stick e botão de plástico. As moedas eram o tipo mais comum de corpo estranh...

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Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Aqui, apresentamos um protocolo para usar o detector de metais portátil, a tela a presença de ingerido corpos estranhos metálicos em crianças que apresentam ao departamento de medicina de emergência pediátrica, com uma história de ingestão de corpo estranho.

Triagem de Detector de metais portátil para ingestão de corpo estranho metálico em crianças

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

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10.6K visualizações.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. Aqui, apresentamos um protocolo para usar o detector de metais portátil, a tela a presença de ingerido corpos estranhos metálicos em crianças que apresentam ao departamento de medicina de emergência pediátrica, com uma história de ingestão de corpo estranho.

Vídeo: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Bacteriana Detecção e Identificação Utilizando sensores eletroquímicos

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

Bioengenharia

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

Protocolo para a avaliação de MRI artefatos causados pelo Metal implantes para avaliar a adequação dos implantes e a vulnerabilidade das sequências de pulso

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

Engenharia

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

Jogue Criança fazendo MR Imaging - Protocolo de neuroimagem Pediátrica, Diretrizes e Procedimento

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

Biologia

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

Ferromagnético Bare Metal Stent para captura de células endoteliais e Retenção

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, when used together, can indicate the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) by producing a fluorescence signal in the presence of three key analytes (antimony, lead, and organic components of GSR). The protocol describes the synthesis of the biosensors using Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the analytical chemistry methods used to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The functioning of the system is demonstrated by using GSR collected from the inside of a spent cartridge casing. Once prepared, the biosensors can be stored until needed and can be used as a test for these key analytes. A positive response from all three analytes provides a presumptive positive test for GSR, while each individual device has applications for detecting the analytes in other samples (e.g., a detector for lead contamination in drinking water). The main limitation of the system is the time required for a positive signal; future work may involve studying different organisms to optimize the response time.

A protocol is presented using synthetic biology techniques to synthesize a set of bacterial biosensors for the analysis of gunshot residue, and to test the functioning of the devices for their intended use using fluorescence spectroscopy.

Preparação e aplicação de um novo biosensor bacteriano para a detecção presuntiva de resíduo de bala

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, ...

Química

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

Hellgrammite como um biomonitor não convencional para avaliação de águas superficiais e saúde ambiental

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

Ambiente

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

Quantificação da lixiviação metálica na cromatografia imobilizada da afinidade metálica

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

Levitação magnética Juntamente com imagem Portátil e Análise para a doença Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

Método agitador magnético para Detecção de<em&gt; Trichinella</em&gt; As larvas em amostras de músculo

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

Triagem de Detector de metais portátil para ingestão de corpo estranho metálico em crianças

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