2.3 : Location

Location

Location is an important concept in Earth Science and Geography. It allows us to pinpoint the locations of places on Earth. Scientists have developed a sophisticated coordinate system to measure locations accurately. The two key coordinates are latitude and longitude.

• Latitude tells us how far a place is from the equator, which is an imaginary line that circles the middle of the Earth.
• Longitude tells us how far a place is east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Together, latitude and longitude form a grid that helps us find any place on Earth. These coordinates are used in maps, navigation tools, and GPS systems.

Science and Engineering Practices (SEP): Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Maps and GPS help us find locations, but how do they work? Scientists use data from satellites and mapping systems to measure positions on Earth accurately. You can explore this by creating a simple mapping activity.

• Create a map of your school.
  • Mark key locations such as the main entrance, cafeteria, library, gym, principal's office, science lab, and playground.
  • Add a grid and label coordinates to represent different areas of the school.
• Try a GPS treasure hunt.
  • Hide small objects and write down their locations using latitude and longitude.
  • Exchange coordinates with a classmate and uses a map to find each hidden item.

As you do this activity, think about these questions:

• How does GPS work when trees or buildings block signals?
• Why are some navigation tools more accurate than others?

By analyzing the data, you can better understand how scientists use maps and coordinates to study Earth.

Crosscutting Concept (CCC): Patterns

Patterns help us understand how different places on Earth are connected. Recognizing these patterns allows scientists to make predictions and understand how Earth's systems interact.

For example:

• Places near the equator are usually warmer because they get more direct sunlight.
• Places near the poles are colder since they get less sunlight.
• Mountains affect rainfall. One side may get heavy rain, while the other side stays dry.
• Ocean currents move warm and cold water, affecting weather patterns.

Understanding latitude, longitude, and changing weather patterns along these coordinates helps us see how places are connected and how the Earth’s systems work together.