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Chapter 4

Stereoisomerism

Chirality
Chirality
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. ...
Isomerism
Isomerism
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers ...
Stereoisomers
Stereoisomers
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are ...
Naming Enantiomers
Naming Enantiomers
The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral ...
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their ...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one ...
Fischer Projections
Fischer Projections
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A ...
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral ...
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular ...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, ...
Prochirality
Prochirality
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It ...
Chirality in Nature
Chirality in Nature
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a ...
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