Chapter 5
Newton's Laws of Motion
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Force
Forces affect every moment of our life. Our bodies are held to the Earth by force, and they are held together by the forces of charged particles. When we ...
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Types of Forces
In most situations, forces can be grouped into two categories: contact forces and field forces. Contact forces occur as a result of direct physical ...
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Newton's First Law: Introduction
Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a ...
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Newton's First Law: Application
Experience suggests that an object at rest remains at rest if left alone, and that an object in motion tends to slow down and stop unless some effort is ...
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Internal and External Forces
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the ...
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Newton's Second Law
Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes ...
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Mass and Weight
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example, medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never ...
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Weightlessness
When an object is dropped, it accelerates toward the center of the Earth. If the net external force on the object is its weight, it is said to be in free ...
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Apparent Weight
True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its ...
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Newton's Third Law: Introduction
Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, to the force that it ...
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Newton's Third Law: Examples
Newton's third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Consider a swimmer pushing off the side of a pool. They push against ...
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Drawing Free-body Diagrams: Rules
The first step in describing and analyzing most phenomena in physics involves the careful drawing of a free-body diagram. Free-body diagrams are useful in ...
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Free Body Diagrams: Examples
Solving problems that involve forces is easy using free-body diagrams. A free-body diagram is a sketch showing all the external forces that are acting on ...
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Inertial Frames of Reference
Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference ...
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Non-inertial Frames of Reference
A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in ...
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Centrifugal Force
Pseudo forces, or fictitious forces, appear to act on an object in motion in a rotating frame of reference with respect to an inertial reference frame. ...
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