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Chapter 15

The Muscular System

The Muscular System
The Muscular System
The muscular system includes the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles that coordinate with each other to carry out functions like movement, digestion, ...
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of ...
Muscle Coordination and Action
Muscle Coordination and Action
The skeletal muscles can coordinate, oppose, or assist each other to facilitate voluntary body movements. Depending on their function, a muscle or group ...
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscle names are based on various factors, such as location, physical traits, and functions. Often, muscle names indicate their location. For ...
Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Skeletal muscles are mainly divided into two groups: the axial and the appendicular. The axial muscles present along the body's midline are primarily ...
Muscles for Facial Expressions
Muscles for Facial Expressions
The muscles responsible for facial expressions usually originate in the fascia of deeper muscles or skull bones and insert into the skin. As a result, any ...
Muscles of the Eye
Muscles of the Eye
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for ...
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
The anterior neck muscles are classified as suprahyoid and infrahyoid based on their position relative to the hyoid bone. The suprahyoid muscles — ...
Muscles that Move the Head
Muscles that Move the Head
Multiple neck muscles help to balance the head and facilitate its movement at the atlanto-occipital joint. For example, the bilateral sternocleidomastoid, ...
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
The back muscles associated with the vertebral column are divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep layers. The superficial layer contains the ...
Muscles of the Thorax
Muscles of the Thorax
The deep thoracic intercostal muscles and the diaphragm are crucial for breathing. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure separating the ...
Muscles of the Abdomen
Muscles of the Abdomen
The wall around the abdominal cavity can be divided into anterolateral and posterior regions. The walls of the anterolateral region comprise five paired ...
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum
The pelvic diaphragm marks the inferior margin of the abdominopelvic cavity. It is formed by the paired levator ani and coccygeus muscles, which attach to ...
Muscles of the Shoulder
Muscles of the Shoulder
The shoulder muscles provide stability and mobility to the shoulder joint. The anterior shoulder muscles include the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and ...
Muscles that Move the Arm
Muscles that Move the Arm
Arm muscles are categorized into axial and scapular muscles. The two axial muscles are the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi. The pectoralis major has ...
Muscles that Move the Forearm
Muscles that Move the Forearm
Muscles that move the forearm flex and extend at the elbow joint and pronate and supinate at the radioulnar joints. The biceps brachii, brachialis, and ...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers
The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location ...
Muscles that Move the Thigh
Muscles that Move the Thigh
The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, ...
Muscles that Move the Leg
Muscles that Move the Leg
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Anterior ...
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into ...
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