Chapter 3
Acid–Base Titration
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Acid–Base Titration: Overview
Acid-base titration can be performed to determine an unknown concentration of acid using a known concentration of a base or vice versa.
When ...
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Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, the pH calculations are based on the concentration of the residual H3O+ or OH− ions.
For ...
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base
Titration calculations for weak acids and strong bases involve different approaches, depending on the primary reactant.
Initially, 50 mL of 0.1 M acetic ...
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Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid
The weak base versus strong acid titration curve is the reverse of a weak acid-strong base titration curve.
Aqueous ammonia forms ammonium and hydroxide ...
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base
The titration of a weak acid like acetic acid with a weak base like aqueous ammonia produces a neutral ammonium acetate salt and water.
The titration ...
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations
Recall that the titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide produces sodium acetate and water, resulting in a buffer.
The relative concentration of the ...
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Mixtures of Acids
In a mixture of strong and weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely, significantly elevating H3O+ ion concentration, while the weak acid only ...
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents
The acid–base titrations occurring in the non-aqueous solvent are explained by the Bronsted–Lowry theory, where an acid behaves as a proton ...
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Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid
The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the ...
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Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base
Polyprotic acids contain multiple ionizable protons, each dissociating differently, with each successive acid dissociation constant, being weaker than the ...
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Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH
On titration with sodium hydroxide, polyprotic acids like maleic acid with two ionizable protons demonstrate two equivalence points on the titration ...
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Buffers: Overview
Adding a small amount of acid or base to a solution can cause a significant decrease or increase in the pH. However, many chemical and biochemical ...
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Buffers: Buffer Capacity
Buffer capacity, represented as beta, is the quantitative measure of a buffer's resistance to pH change upon adding an acid or base. It is expressed ...
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Leveling Effect
In an acid–base reaction, when a base stronger than the conjugate base of the solvent is used, it deprotonates the solvent to produce the conjugate ...
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