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Chapter 1

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Scientific Laws and Theories
Scientific Laws and Theories
Scientific Laws In science, a law is defined as a concise, verbal or mathematical, statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations. ...
The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method
Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To ...
Classifying Matter by State
Classifying Matter by State
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, ...
Classifying Matter by Composition
Classifying Matter by Composition
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and ...
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties. Physical Properties of Matter A physical property is ...
What is Energy?
What is Energy?
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from ...
Measurement: Standard Units
Measurement: Standard Units
Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...
Measurement: Derived Units
Measurement: Derived Units
The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy ...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such ...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures
Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures
All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a ...
Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach ...
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