Chapter 3

Wood

Introduction to Wood
Introduction to Wood
Trees, the source of wood, have a trunk enveloped by a shielding layer of dead bark. Under the dead outer bark is living bark. Next is the cambium, then ...
Softwoods and Hardwoods
Softwoods and Hardwoods
Most cone-bearing trees have needle-like leaves and are classified as softwoods, and most hardwood trees have broad leaves that are shed on a seasonal ...
Lumber
Lumber
Long, rectangular pieces of wood used in construction are called lumber. Logs harvested from trees are debarked and repeatedly fed through an automated ...
Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber
Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber
Wood fibers align along the tree's length, giving it up to twenty times higher tensile strength along the fibers than across them. Wood is also ...
Seasoning of Wood
Seasoning of Wood
Consider an unseasoned lumber used for flooring—the lumber contracts when the moisture evaporates, creating gaps at the joints of the floor. Wood ...
Wood Surfacing
Wood Surfacing
Wood surfacing is done to achieve a smoother finish, ensure more accurate dimensions, and make handling safer. Dimensions of wood are marginally increased ...
Lumber Defects
Lumber Defects
Growth defects in wood include knots, which are formed where branches connect to the tree trunk, knotholes that result from loose knots falling out, decay ...
Wood Fasteners
Wood Fasteners
In wood structures, fasteners hold components in place. Connection strength mainly depends on direct member bearing. Different fasteners, like nails, are ...
Veneer
Veneer
Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is produced with a thickness of roughly one-eighth of an inch or less. Positioning a log into a large lathe and ...
Wood Products
Wood Products
Wood products are formed by bonding wood strands, veneers, lumber, and waste materials like wood shreds for structural and nonstructural applications. ...
Wood Panel Products
Wood Panel Products
Standard wood panels used for flooring, siding, and roofing have dimensions of 4 feet by 8 feet in width and length, and their thickness can range from ...
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