Chapter 10
Elasticity, Creep, and Shrinkage in Concrete
Elasticity in Concrete
When a concrete specimen is subjected to moderate or high magnitude uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the resulting strain varies ...
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
Stress analysis in concrete structures prone to dynamic and impact loading employs the dynamic modulus, which is greater than the static modulus of ...
Creep in Concrete
When a loaded concrete member is subjected to constant stress that is sustained over time, the strain in the member increases, resulting in its ...
Factors Affecting Creep
In concrete mixes, the hardened cement paste primarily contributes to creep, while the aggregates in the mix restrain creep.
Aggregates with a high ...
Effects of Creep
Reinforced concrete beams subjected to creep undergo increased deflection. This may result in further bending of the beam, widening existing cracks, and ...
Shrinkage in Concrete
The loss of water or chemical reactions reduces the concrete's volume, a process known as shrinkage.
Practically, shrinkage in concrete is ...
Drying Shrinkage
When hardened concrete is exposed to unsaturated air, the free water present in its capillaries evaporates out of the pores.
This causes the movement of ...
Carbonation Shrinkage
In the presence of moisture, atmospheric carbon dioxide entering the concrete surface transforms into carbonic acid, which chemically reacts with the ...
Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete
After placing concrete, water may rise to the top of the mix, settling the aggregates.
If reinforcements within the concrete obstruct this natural ...
Mass Concreting
When large volumes of concrete are placed, if the temperature of the concrete on the surface and the interior region is different, thermal cracks may ...
Hot Weather Concreting
In dry and hot conditions, placing fresh concrete at high temperatures accelerates the setting and leads to rapid evaporation of water from the concrete, ...
Cold Weather Concreting
During cold weather, when freshly placed concrete starts to freeze before it sets, the water in the concrete converts to ice, resulting in its expansion.
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