Chapter 5
Measures of Relative Standing
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Review and Preview
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, ...
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Introduction to z Scores
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the ...
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z Scores and Unusual Values
The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are ...
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Percentile
A percentile indicates the relative standing of a data value when data are sorted into numerical order from smallest to largest. It represents the ...
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Quartile
Quartiles are numbers that separate the data into quarters. Quartiles may or may not be part of the data. To find the quartiles, first, find the median or ...
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5-Number Summary
In a dataset, the 5-number summary includes the minimum data value, the data value of the first quartile, the median data value or data value of the ...
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Boxplot
Box plots (also called box-and-whisker plots or box-whisker plots) give an excellent graphical image of the concentration of the data. They also show how ...
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What Are Outliers?
Outliers are observed data points that are far from the least squares line. They have unusual values and need to be examined carefully. Though an outlier ...
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Modified Boxplots
A standard box and whisker plot informs us about the spread of the data in a given sample. One can identify the minimum value, maximum value, first ...
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