Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Medicine
Malignant gliomas constitute a heterogeneous group of highly infiltrative glial neoplasms with distinct clinical and molecular features. Primary orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the histopathological and molecular features of malignant glioma subtypes in preclinical animal models.
Malignant gliomas constitute a heterogeneous group of highly infiltrative glial neoplasms with distinct clinical and molecular features. Primary orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the histopathological and molecular features of malignant glioma subtypes in preclinical animal models. To model WHO grades III and IV malignant gliomas in transplantation assays, human tumor cells are xenografted into an orthotopic site, the brain, of immunocompromised mice. In contrast to secondary xenografts that utilize cultured tumor cells, human glioma cells are dissociated from resected specimens and transplanted without prior passage in tissue culture to generate primary xenografts. The procedure in this report details tumor sample preparation, intracranial transplantation into immunocompromised mice, monitoring for tumor engraftment and tumor harvesting for subsequent passage into recipient animals or analysis. Tumor cell preparation requires 2 hr and surgical procedure requires 20 min/animal.
Malignant gliomas are primary glial tumors of the central nervous system that occur in the brain and occasionally the spinal cord. Gliomas are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) according to histologic resemblance to astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or ependymal cells and then numerically graded (I to IV) for pathologic features of malignancy. The most common histologic subtypes are astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligoastrocytomas. Malignant gliomas encompassing WHO grades II to IV are characterized by invasive growth and recalcitrance to current therapies. Each year in the United States, approximately 15,750 individuals are diagnosed with a mal....
1. Preparation of Tumor Cell Suspension
Note: Appropriate institutional approvals for the use of patient material and animals are required to establish and maintain primary orthotopic glioma xenografts. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, resected tumor material that is in excess of that required for diagnostic purposes is collected with patient consent for a research tissue repository. Specimens are labeled with a randomized 5-digit REDcap database number and all patient-.......
Dissociated glioma cells are transplanted directly into the brains of immunocompromised mice to obtain primary orthotopic xenograft lines. Each tumor specimen is assigned a randomized number prior to transplantation, as part of the deidentification process to remove protected health information. We use a 5-digit REDcap database number for this purpose. Figure 1 illustrates the process and nomenclature for establishing a xenograft line from a glioblastoma (GBM 17182) with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1).......
Cultured cell lines, xenografts and genetically engineered mice are the most common methods for modeling gliomas, and there are distinct benefits and limitations for each model system3,13,14. Relevant benefits of primary orthotopic glioma xenografts include infiltrative growth that typifies diffuse gliomas and the retention of genetic alterations and important signaling mechanisms that can be exceedingly difficult to maintain in cultured glioma cells. For example, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations an.......
We are particularly indebted to patients at Vanderbilt University Medical Center who provided invaluable research material for the Molecular Neurosurgical Tissue Bank. We thank those who established and maintain the Tissue Bank, Reid C. Thompson MD (principal investigator), Cherryl Kinnard RN (research nurse) and Larry A. Pierce MS (manager). Histological services were performed, in part, by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) Translational Pathology Shared Resource (supported by award 5P30 CA068485 to the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center). This work was supported by grants to MKC from the NINDS (1R21NS070139), the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and VMC developmen....
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Phosphate buffered saline |
Life Technologies |
14040-133 | |
Papain dissociation system |
Worthington Biochemical Corp. |
LK003150 | |
Trypan blue solution 0.4% |
Life Technologies |
15250061 | |
Ketamine HCl |
Obtained from institutional pharmacy or local veterinary supply company | ||
Xylazine HCl | |||
Ketoprofen | |||
Ophthalmic ointment | |||
Povidone-iodine |
Fisher Scientific |
190061617 | |
Cryopreservation medium and proliferation supplement |
StemCell Technologies |
05751 | |
0.2% Heparin sodium salt in PBS |
StemCell Technologies |
07980 | |
Penicillin-streptomycin |
Life Technologies |
15140-122 | |
Dimethyl sulfoxide |
Sigma-Aldrich |
D6250-5X10ML | |
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid I/2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice |
The Jackson Laboratory |
005557 |
NSG mice |
Anti-human vimentin antibody |
Dako |
M7020 |
Use 1:200 to 1:800 |
Anti-human IDH1 R132H antibody |
Dianova |
DIA-H09 |
Use 1:100 to 1:400 |
Material |
Company |
Catalogue Number |
Comments |
Centrifuge with swinging bucket rotor | |||
Pipetter with dispensing speed control | |||
Disposable hemocytometer |
Fisher Scientific |
22-600-100 | |
Sterile surgical gloves |
Fisher Scientific |
11-388128 | |
Disposable gown |
Fisher Scientific |
18-567 | |
Surgical mask |
Fisher Scientific |
19-120-1256 | |
Tuberculin syringe |
BD |
305620 | |
Alcohol pads |
Fisher Scientific |
22-246-073 | |
Portable electronic scale |
Fisher Scientific |
01-919-33 | |
Zoom stereomicroscope | |||
Surgical clipper |
Stoelting |
51465 | |
Scalpel handle |
Fine Science Tools |
10003-12 | |
Scalpel blades, #10 | |||
Stereotaxic instrument |
Stoelting |
51730 | |
High-speed drill |
Stoelting |
51449 | |
Drill bit, 0.6 mm | Stoelting | 514552 | |
Hamilton syringe |
Hamilton |
80336 | |
Autoclip, 9 mm |
BD |
427630 | |
Circulating water warming pad |
Kent Scientific |
TP-700 TP-1215EA | |
Hot bead dry sterilizer |
Kent Scientific |
INS300850 | |
Surgical scissors |
Fine Science Tools |
14101-14 | |
Fine scissors |
Fine Science Tools |
14094-11 | |
Spring scissors |
Fine Science Tools |
15018-10 | |
Dumont forceps |
Fine Science Tools |
11251-30 | |
Semimicro spatulas |
Fisher Scientific |
14374 | |
Mouse brain slicer matrix |
Zivic Instruments |
BSMAS002-1 | |
Cryogenic storage vials |
Fisher Scientific |
12-567-501 |
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