Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Chemistry
We present a method to control the interfacial energy of a liquid metal in an electrolyte via electrochemical deposition (or removal) of a surface oxide layer. This simple method can control the capillary behavior of gallium-based liquid metals by tuning the interfacial energy rapidly, significantly, and reversibly using modest voltages.
控制界面张力是一种有效的方法,用于操纵在亚毫米尺度,其中界面张力是一个主导力的形状,位置和流量的流体。有多种方法存在用于控制这种规模的含水和有机液体的界面张力;然而,这些技术具有有限的效用的液态金属,由于其大的界面张力。
液态金属可以形成在电子和电磁设备的软的,可拉伸和形状重构组件。虽然是可能的操纵通过机械方法 (例如,泵送)这些流体,电的方法是比较容易的小型化,控制和执行。然而,大多数电气技术有自己的约束:电式电介质需要大量的(千伏)潜力适度的驱动,电毛细管会影响界面张力相对较小的变化,而不断ELEctrowetting仅限于液态金属在毛细管的插头。
这里,我们提出用于通过电化学表面反应致动镓和镓基液体金属合金的方法。控制液体金属在电解质迅速的表面上的电化学势和可逆地变化的界面张力数量级超过两个数量(̴50020mN / m至接近零)。此外,这种方法只需要一个非常温和的电位(<1 V)的施加相对于反电极。在张力所得变化主要是由于表面氧化层,其作为表面活性剂的电化学沉积;除去氧化的增加的界面张力,且反之亦然。这种技术可以在各种电解质被应用,是独立于所依靠的基板。
This method provides a simple way to control the surface tension of liquid metals containing gallium. The method uses modest voltages (~1 V) applied directly to the liquid metal (relative to a counter electrode in the presence of electrolyte) to achieve enormous and reversible changes to the surface tension of the metal1.
Surface tension is a dominant force for liquids at small length scales and is important for a number of capillary phenomena including wetting, spreading, and surface-tension driven flow. Consequently, the ability to control surface tension is a sensible way to manipulate the shape, position, and flow of liquids....
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Eutectic Gallium Indium | Indium Corporation | ||
Sodium Hydroxide | Fisher Scientific | 2318-3 | |
Hydrochloric Acid | Fisher Scientific | A481-212 | |
Sodium Fluoride | Sigma-Aldrich | 201154 | |
Optical Adhesive | Norland | NOA81 | |
Polydimethylsiloxane (Sylgard-184) | Dow Corning | Silicone Elastomer Kit | |
Borosilicate Glass Capillaries | Friedrich and Dimmoch | B41972 | |
Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode | Microelectrodes Inc. | MI-401F | |
Voltage Source | Keithley | 3390 | |
Potentiostat | Gamry | Ref 600 | |
Laser Cutter | Universal Laser Systems | VLS 3.50 |
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