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Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Biology

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Protokoller for Problematisk Plant, ægsporesvampe, og Fungal Prøver

Published: February 3rd, 2017

DOI:

10.3791/55031

1Biodiversity and Conservation Department, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, 2Research Support Unit, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, 3Mycology Department, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, 4Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Problems in the processing of biological samples for scanning electron microscopy observation include cell collapse, treatment of samples from wet microenvironments and cell destruction. Low-cost and relatively rapid protocols suited for preparing challenging samples such as floral meristems, oomycete cysts, and fungi (Agaricales) are compiled and detailed here.

Almindelige problemer i behandlingen af ​​biologiske prøver for observationer med scanning elektron mikroskop (SEM) omfatter celle sammenbrud, behandling af prøver fra våde mikromiljøer og celle ødelæggelse. Brug unge blomster væv, ægsporesvampe cyster og svampesporer (BLADHATTE) som eksempler, specifikke protokoller til at behandle sarte prøver er beskrevet her, der kan overvinde nogle af de vigtigste udfordringer i prøve behandling for billedoptagelse under SEM.

Blomster dannelsesvæv fast med FAA (formalin-eddikesyre-Alkohol) og forarbejdet med det kritiske punkt Dryer (CPD) ikke udviser kollapsede cellulære vægge eller forvrænget organer. Disse resultater er afgørende for genopbygningen af ​​blomster udvikling. En lignende CPD-baserede behandling af prøver fra våde mikromiljøer, såsom glutaraldehyd-fikseret ægsporesvampe cyster, er optimalt at teste forskellen vækst af diagnostiske egenskaber (f.eks, cyste pigge) på forskellige typer af substrates. Ødelæggelse af sygeplejerske celler knyttet til svampesporer blev undgået efter rehydrering, dehydrering, og CPD behandling, et vigtigt skridt til yderligere funktionelle studier af disse celler.

Protokollerne beskrevet her repræsenterer lave omkostninger og hurtige alternativer for erhvervelse af god kvalitet billeder til rekonstruere vækstprocesser og studere diagnostiske egenskaber.

I biologi, er brugen af scanning elektronmikroskopi (SEM) blevet udvidet til studier af strukturelle udvikling, sammenlignende morfologi, orgel udvikling og karakterisering af populationer eller arter 1. Med sin todimensionale visning af mikroskopiske strukturer, områder som Mikromorfologisk og systematik profiteret af SEM Teknik fremskridt siden anden halvdel af det 20. århundrede. For eksempel indførelsen af katodeforstøvningscoatingssystem metoden i 1970'erne gjort mulige observationer af sarte materialer såsom skyde spidser og blomster øger billeddannelse af ikke-ledende væv 2,

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BEMÆRK: Denne protokol omfatter seks hovedafsnit, tre hengivne til specifikke organismer (afsnit 1-3), og tre, der beskriver de procedurer, der er fælles for alle (4-6). Stjerner (*) indikerer skridt ændret af eksperimentatorer.

1. Undersøgelser af Udvikling og fuldt dannet Plant Structures

  1. Indsamling og fiksering
    1. Hvis plantematerialet opsamles i et sted uden adgang til et stinkskab, indføre og nedsænke materialet i 70% ethanol i centrifugerør. Ide.......

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Floral Udvikling og Fiksering af Udvikling og fuldt dannet Plant Structures

Brug af FAA-CPD protokollen beskrevet her, er unge og modne plantevæv optimalt fast og dehydreret for SEM billeddannelse. Processer såsom blomster udvikling kan rekonstrueres, fordi topografi og formen af knopper ikke fordrejes af celle faldende (figur 1b, 1d, 4a-f). Strukturer med komplekse former med held kan dækkes med et ensartet .......

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Med hensyn til standard SEM-protokoller, de procedurer, der præsenteres her omfatter forholdsvis hurtig, let at følge, og billige metoder. Afhængigt af mængden af ​​prøver og på den lette behandling, tager det fire til fem dage til at erhverve billeder af god kvalitet. Herunder passende forholdsregler til byggevaredirektivet og SEM drift sikkerhed, procedurerne er let at håndtere. Særlig forsigtighed bør tages med formalin og glutaraldehyd (se trin 1.1.1 til 1.1.3 og 2.1.5 i protokollen). Der er visse trin,.......

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Dette projekt har modtaget støtte fra Den Europæiske Unions Horisont 2020 forsknings- og innovationsprogram under tilskudsaftale nr 634429. Denne publikation forpligter kun forfatteren, og Kommissionen kan ikke holdes ansvarlig for enhver brug, der kan gøres af oplysningerne indeholdt deri. Vi anerkender også den finansielle bidrag fra Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC. SR er taknemmelig for Den Europæiske Union [ITN-SAPRO-238.550] til støtte af hendes forskning i Saproleqnia. Vi vil også gerne takke Francisco Calonge for venlig at give de Phellorinia herculanea billeder og B. Pueyo for behandling af prøver (figur 5). Alle billeder blev taget af SEM servic....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Acetic acidNo specific supplierSkin irritation, eye irritation
aluminium stubsTed Pella, Inc.16221www.tedpella.com
Centrifuge tubesNo specific supplier
Critical Point DryerPolaron Quatum TechnologiesCPD7501
D (+) GlucoseMerck1,083,421,000
Double sided sellotapeNo specific supplier
Ethanol absoluteNo specific supplier.Flammable
European bacteriological agarConda1800.00www.condalab.com
Filter paperNo specific supplier
ForcepsNo specific supplier
Formalin 4%No specific supplier.Harmful, acute toxicity, skin sensitisation, carcinogenicity. Flammable
Glass cover slipsNo specific supplier
Glass hermetic container No specific supplier
Glutaraldehyde 25% DC 253857.1611  (L)Dismadel S.L.3336www.dismadel.com
Mycological peptoneConda1922.00www.condalab.com
needlesNo specific supplier
Petri dishesNo specific supplier
Plastic containersNo specific supplier
Sample holder with lid  for the critical point dryer Ted Pella, Inc.4591www.tedpella.com
scalpelsNo specific supplier
Scanning Electron MicroscopeHitachiS3000N
Software for SEM
Solution A: NaH2PO4
Solution B: Na2HPO4
Specimen holdersNo specific supplier
Sputter coaterBalzersSCD 004
StereomicroscopeNo specific supplier
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) gridsElectron Microscopy SciencesG200 (Square Mesh)www.emsdiassum.com
TweezersNo specific supplier

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