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Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Developmental Biology

Protokoller til visualisering steroidogeniske organer og deres interaktive organer med Immunfarvning i bananfluen

Published: April 14th, 2017

DOI:

10.3791/55519

1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 2Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 3Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
* These authors contributed equally

Vi beskriver en protokol for dissektion, fiksering og immunfarvning af steroidogene organer i Drosophila larver og voksne kvinder at studere steroidhormon biosyntese og dens reguleringsmekanisme. Foruden steroidogene organer, vi visualisere innervation steroidogene organer samt steroidogene målceller såsom germlinie stamceller.

I flercellede organismer, er en lille gruppe af celler udstyret med en specialiseret funktion i deres biogene aktivitet, inducere en systemisk reaktion på vækst og reproduktion. I insekter, larve prothoracic kirtel (PG) og de voksne kvindelige æggestok play væsentlige roller i biosyntese de vigtigste steroid hormoner kaldet ecdysteroid. Disse ecdysteroidogenic organer innerveret fra nervesystemet, hvorigennem timingen af ​​biosyntesen påvirkes af miljømæssige signaler. Her beskriver vi en protokol til visualisering ecdysteroidogenic organer og deres interaktive organer i larver og voksne i bananfluen Drosophila melanogaster, som giver en egnet modelsystem til at studere steroid hormon biosyntese og dens reguleringsmekanisme. Dygtige dissektion giver os mulighed for at opretholde holdninger ecdysteroidogenic organer og deres interaktive organer, herunder hjernen, den ventrale nerve ledning, og andre væv. Immunfarvning med enntibodies mod ecdysteroidogenic enzymer, sammen med transgene fluorescens-proteiner drevet af vævsspecifikke promotorer, er tilgængelige til at mærke ecdysteroidogenic celler. Desuden kan de innervationer af ecdysteroidogenic organer også mærkes med specifikke antistoffer eller en samling af GAL4 bilister i forskellige typer af neuroner. Derfor kan ecdysteroidogenic organer og deres neuronforbindelser visualiseres samtidigt af immunfarvning og transgene teknikker. Endelig beskriver vi, hvordan at visualisere kimcellelinje stamceller, hvis proliferation og vedligeholdelse styres af ecdysteroid. Denne fremgangsmåde bidrager til omfattende forståelse af steroidhormon biosyntese og dens neuronal reguleringsmekanisme.

I flercellede organismer, er en gruppe af celler udstyret med en specialiseret funktion i deres biogene aktivitet, der er afgørende for hele kroppen. At opfylde deres opgaver, hvert væv eller organ udtrykker en række gener relateret til deres funktioner, og kommunikerer med andre væv til at organisere deres aktiviteter i forbindelse med udvikling. At karakterisere sådanne specialiserede cellulære funktioner og inter-organ-vekselvirkninger, skal vi angive en gruppe af celler sammen med andre typer af celler holdes intakt i flercellede arkitektur.

Et eksempel på sådanne specialiserede organer er en steroidogeniske organ, hvor mange biosynte....

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BEMÆRK: generelle opbygning af protokoller er vist i figur 1.

1. Dissektion af Larver Ring kirtel (RG)

BEMÆRK: I D. melanogaster, som tilhører cyclorrhaphous Diptera, PG er inden for en sammensat endokrint organ kaldet ringen kirtel (RG, figur 2D). Da det er umuligt at PG kirurgisk er adskilt fra andre typer af celler (omtalt senere), et praktisk mål er at isolere et intakt, ubeskadig.......

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Vi brugte de ovennævnte protokoller til at visualisere steroidogene organer og deres interaktive organer i D. melanogaster larver og voksne kvinder. Den samlede ordning af protokoller er vist i figur 1.

RG, herunder PG (figur 2D), er mindre og mere gennemsigtige end hjernen og er placeret ved den forreste-dorsale side af hjernen (figur 2A-C og 3A-E). At mærke PG-celler har adskillige grupper genereret forskellige typer af antistoffer mod ecdysteroidogenic.......

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Vi studerede ecdysteroid biosyntese og dens reguleringsmekanisme i D. melanogaster, og udtænkt en protokol for dissektion og immunfarvning. Timingen af ecdysteroid biosyntese påvirkes af miljømæssige påvirkninger gennem neuronale input 33, så det er vigtigt at opretholde den innervation af de ecdysteroidogenic organer sammen med hjernen, VNC, og andre væv under dissektion.

Som beskrevet ovenfor, D. melanogaster PG danner et kompleks endokrint .......

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Vi takker Reiko Kise og Tomotsune Ameku for deres tekniske støtte til dette arbejde. Vi er også taknemmelige for Kei Ito, Olga Alekseyenko, Akiko Koto, Masayuki Miura, Bloomington Drosophila Stock Centre, Kyoto Stock Center (DGRC), og Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank for aktier og reagenser. Dette arbejde blev støttet af tilskud til YSN fra JSP'er KAKENHI Grant Number 16K20945, The Naito Foundation, og Inoue Science Research Award; og af en bevilling til RN fra MEXT KAKENHI Grant Antal 16H04792.

....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
egg collection
tissue culture dish (55 mm)AS ONE1-8549-02 for grape-juice agar plates
collection cupHIKARI KAGAKU
yeast pasteOriental dry yeast, Tokyo
100% grape juiceWelch Food Inc.
rearing larvae
small vials (12ml, 40×23.5 mm, PS)SARSTEDT58.487
disposable loopAS ONE6-488-01
standard fly food the recepi us on the website of Blooington stock center.
dissection
dissecting microscopeCarl ZeissStemi 2000-C
dissecting microscopeLeicaS8 AP0
tissue culture dish (35 x 10 mm, non-treated)IWAKI1000-035
SylgardTORAYcoarting silicon inside dishes
Terumo needle (27G, 0.40 x 19 mm) TERUMONN-2719SA "knife" to cut the tissue
Terumo syringe, 1mlTERUMOSS-01T
forceps, Inox, #5Dumont, Switzerland
insect pin (0.18 mm in diameter)Shiga Brandfor fillet dissection
micro scissorsNATSUME SEISAKUSHO CO LTD. MB-50-10
fixation
ultrapure waterMerck Millipore
phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
FormaldehydeNacalai tesque16222-65
ParaformaldehydeNacalai tesque02890-45
Triton-X100Nacalai tesque35501-15
microtubes (1.5 ml)INA OPTIKACF-0150
Incubation
As one swist mixer TM-300 (rocker)As oneTM-300rocker
Bovine Serum AlbuminSIGMA9048-46-8
primary antibody
anti-Sro (guinea pig), 1:1000
anti-GFP (rabbit), 1:1000Molecular ProbesA6455Shimada-Niwa ans Niwa, 2014
anti-GFP (mouse mAb, GF200), 1:100Nakarai tesque04363-66
anti-5HT (rabbit), 1:500SIGMAS5545
anti-Hts 1B1 (mouse)Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB)1B1
anti-DE-cadherin (rat), 1:20DSHBDCAD2
anti-nc82 (mouse), 1:50DSHBnc82
secondary antibody
Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugateLife TechnologiesA-11008
Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugateLife TechnologiesA-11001
Goat anti-Rat IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 546 conjugateLife TechnologiesA-11081
Goat anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 555 conjugateLife TechnologiesA-21435
Alexa Fluor 546 dye-conjugated phalloidinLife TechnologiesA-22283
Mounting reagents
Micro slide glassMatsunami Glass Ind.,Ltd.SS7213
Square microscope cover glassMatsunami Glass Ind.,Ltd.C218181
FluorSave reagent (Mounting reagent)Calbiochem345789
Transfer pipette 1 ml (Disposable dropper)WATSON5660-222-1S
imaging
LSM700 laser scanning microscope systemCarl Zeissinverted Axio Observer. Z1 SP left
image processing
LSM700 ZENCarl ZeissIt is a special user interface based on the 64 bit Microsoft Windows7 operating system
ImageJ
Fly stocks
w; GMR45C06-GAL4 from Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. (#46260)
UAS–GFP; UAS–mCD8::GFPgifts from K. Ito, The University of Tokyo.
w[1118]
w; phantom-GAL4#22/UAS-turboRFP
w; UAS-mCD8::GFP; TRH-GAL4see in Ref29, Alekseyenko, O. V, Lee, C. & Kravitz, E. A.(2010)
w; UAS-mCD8::GFP from Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. (#32188)
yw;; nSyb-GAL4 from Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. (#51941)

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