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Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Biology

沉默的火花:CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑在弱电鱼

Published: October 27th, 2019

DOI:

10.3791/60253

1Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 2Faculty of Life Sciences, Unit of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Humboldt University, 3Department of Biology, Cape Breton University

在这里,提出了一个协议,以生产和后CRISPR/Cas9基因组敲除电鱼。详细列出了运动和生物形态所需的分子生物学、育种和饲养要求,以及生产 Cas9 诱导 Indel F0幼虫的注射技术。

在脊椎动物的进化史上,电接收和电发生已经发生了变化。这些独立衍生的表型具有惊人的收敛性,它们有着共同的遗传结构。这也许最好的例证是健身房和莫米里德的众多收敛特征,这两种物种丰富的电镀层能够产生和检测弱电场,被称为弱电鱼。自从发现弱电鱼用电来感知周围环境和交流以来的50年里,越来越多的科学家对发展、系统和电路神经科学的演变有了巨大的见解,细胞生理学、生态学、进化生物学和行为学。最近,电鱼的基因组资源激增。这些资源的使用已经促进了对这些物种基因型和表型之间联系的重要见解。将基因组学数据与弱电鱼表型数据集成的一个主要障碍是目前缺乏功能基因组学工具。我们在这里报告一个完整的协议,执行CRISPR/Cas9诱变,利用内源性DNA修复机制在弱电鱼。我们证明,该协议在莫米里德物种布诺米鲁斯小虫和健身房,通过使用CRISPR/Cas9来靶向第一个外显子中的印贝和点突变,同样有效。钠通道基因scn4aa。使用该协议,从两个物种获得胚胎和基因型,以确认在钠通道scn4aa的第一个外向的预测突变存在。与未注射大小匹配的对照组相比,记录显示电器官放电振幅降低,证实了敲除成功的表型。

在脊椎动物的进化史上,电接收和电发生已经发生了变化。两个谱系的远发鱼,骨状和硅状,平行地进化电接收,和五个谱系的远程(金体素,莫米里德,和属星体,马拉普特鲁鲁斯,西诺多特斯)并联进化电发生。这些独立衍生的表型具有惊人的收敛性,它们共享着一个共同的遗传结构1,2,3。

这也许最好的例证是,健身房和莫米里德的众多收敛特征,这两个物种丰富的电镀层,产生和检测弱电场,被称为弱电鱼。在发现弱电鱼利用电来感知周围环境和交流的50年里,越来越多的科学家对发展的演变有了巨大的了解。 6, 系统和电路神经科学7,8910,细胞生理学

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此处描述的所有方法均已获得密歇根州立大学机构动物护理和使用委员会 (IACUC) 的批准。

1. 选择sgRNA靶点

注:在步骤 1.1 中为 sgRNA 的手动设计提供了一个协议。这被用于scn4aa目标选择。提供了一个附加协议,以方便此过程(步骤 1.2)使用 EFISHGENOMICS Web 门户。建议用户选择协议 1.2,它具有几个自动"检查"功能,以确保成功为自定义目?.......

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sgRNA靶点位于B.gauderio和B.b.brachyisus的scn4aa的外量1内,如第1节所述。sgRNA 的生成情况如下,如第 2 节所述。在成功选择和合成sgRNA(图1)后,对体外裂解进行了测试(图2)。然后选择在体外切割的sgRNA进行单细胞显微注射。

成年鱼被以繁殖为条件(第4.1节),然后注射产卵剂(第4.2节),然后挤压(B.gauderio?.......

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弱电鱼的表型丰富性,加上最近基因组学资源的扩散,激发了弱电鱼模型中对功能基因组工具的强烈需求。该系统特别有吸引力,因为鱼类平行谱系中许多型特征的收敛进化,这些特征很容易保存在实验室中。

此处描述的协议演示了 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在同时进化电成和电接收的弱电鱼谱系中的有效性,因此代表了该模型承诺解决的一个重要步骤表型进化的比较基因组学的未来工?.......

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作者感谢莫妮卡·卢卡斯、凯瑟琳·肖、瑞安·泰勒、贾里德·汤普森、妮可·罗比乔和霍普·希利在鱼类养殖、数据收集和早期协议开发方面所付出的英勇努力。我们还要感谢三位审评员对手稿的建议。我们相信,在发表他们的意见后,最终产品的质量会更好。这项工作由美国国家科学基金会#1644965和#1455405资助,并资助了自然科学和工程研究理事会向VLS提供DG赠款。

....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
20 mg/mL RNA grade GlycogenThermo ScientificR0551
50 bp DNA ladderNEBN3236L
borosilicate glass capillary with filamentSutter InstrumentBF100-58-10(O.D. 1.0mm, I.D. 0.58 mm, 10 cm length)
Cas9 protein with NLS; 1 mg/mLPNA BiologyCP01
Dneasy Blood & Tissue KitQiagen69506
Eppendorf FemptoJet 4i MicroinjectorFisher ScientificE5252000021
Eppendorf Microloader Pipette TipsFisher Scientific10289651
Hamilton syringeFisher Scientific14-824-654referred to as "precision glass syringe" in the protocol
KimwipeFisher Scientific06-666referred to as "delicate task wipe" in the protocol
MEGAscript T7 Transcription KitInvitrogenAM1334
NEBuffer 3NEBB7003Sused for in vitro cleavage assay
OneTaq DNA kitNEBM0480L
OvaprimSyndel USAhttps://www.syndel.com/ovaprim-ovammmlu010.htmlreferred to as "spawning agent" in the protocol
ParafilmFisher ScientificS37440referred to as "thermoplastic" in the protocol
Pipette pullerWPISU-P97sutter brand
QIAquick PCR Purification KitQiagen28106
Reusable needle- requires customizationFisher Scientific7803-02Customize to 0.7 inches long; point style 4 and angle 25
T4 DNA polymeraseNEBM0203LUse with the 10X NEB buffer that is included
Teflon coated toolsbonefolder.comT-SPATULA4PIECEreferred to as "polytetrafluoroethene" in the protocol

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