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Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Biology

Deaktivere spark: CRISPR/Cas9 Genova redigere i svakt Electric Fish

Published: October 27th, 2019

DOI:

10.3791/60253

1Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 2Faculty of Life Sciences, Unit of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Humboldt University, 3Department of Biology, Cape Breton University

Her er en protokoll presentert for å produsere og bak CRISPR/Cas9 Genova knockout elektrisk fisk. Skissert i detalj er nødvendig molekylærbiologi, avl og oppdrett krav til både en gymnotiform og en mormyrid, og injeksjon teknikker for å produsere Cas9-indusert indel F0 larver.

Electroreception og electrogenesis har endret seg i evolusjons historien til virveldyr. Det er en slående grad av konvergens i disse uavhengig avledet fenotyper, som deler en felles genetisk arkitektur. Dette er kanskje best illustrert av de mange konvergent funksjonene i gymnotiforms og mormyrids, to arter-rik tetramerisk klader som produserer og oppdager svake elektriske felt og kalles svakt elektrisk fisk. I 50 år siden oppdagelsen at svakt elektrisk fisk bruker elektrisitet til å fornemme sine omgivelser og kommunisere, et voksende fellesskap av forskere har fått enorm innsikt i utviklingen av utvikling, systemer og kretser nevrovitenskap, cellulære fysiologi, økologi, evolusjonære biologi og atferd. Flere nylig har det vært en spredning av genomisk ressurser for elektrisk fisk. Bruk av disse ressursene har allerede tilrettelagt viktig innsikt med hensyn til sammenhengen mellom genotype og fenotype i disse artene. Et stort hinder for å integrere Genomics data med fenotypiske data av svakt elektrisk fisk er en gave mangel på funksjonelle Genomics verktøy. Vi rapporterer her en full protokoll for å utføre CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenese som utnytter endogene DNA reparasjon mekanismer i svakt elektrisk fisk. Vi viser at denne protokollen er like effektiv i både mormyrid arter Brienomyrus brachyistius og gymnotiform Brachyhypopomus GAUDERIO ved hjelp CRISPR/Cas9 å målrette indeler og punkt mutasjoner i den første ekson av natrium kanal gen scn4aa. Ved hjelp av denne protokollen ble embryo fra begge artene innhentet og genotyped for å bekrefte at de anslåtte mutasjoner i den første ekson av natrium kanalen scn4aa var til stede. Den Knock-Out suksess fenotype ble bekreftet med opptak viser redusert elektrisk organ utladning amplituder sammenlignet med uninjected størrelse matchet kontroller.

Electroreception og electrogenesis har endret seg i evolusjons historien til virveldyr. To linjene av tetramerisk fisk, visninger og Maller, utviklet electroreception parallelt, og fem linjene av teleosts (Gymnotiformes, mormyrids, og slekter Astroscopus, Malapterurus og Synodontis) utviklet seg electrogenesis parallelt. Det er en slående grad av konvergens i disse uavhengig avledet fenotyper, som deler en felles genetisk arkitektur1,2,3.

Dette er kanskje best illustrert av de mange konvergent funksjonene i gymnotiforms o....

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Alle metoder beskrevet her over ha blitt anerkjent av det institusjonell dyr bekymre og bruk komité (IACUC) av Michigan begrunne universitet.

1. velge sgRNA mål

Merk: En protokoll er gitt for manuell utforming av sgRNAs i trinn 1,1. Dette ble benyttet for scn4aa Target valg. En ekstra protokoll er gitt for å forenkle denne prosessen (trinn 1,2) ved hjelp av EFISHGENOMICS webportal. Det anbefales at brukerne velger protokollen 1,2, som har .......

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SgRNA målområder ble identifisert i ekson 1 av scn4aa i både B. gauderio og b. brachyistius som beskrevet i avsnitt 1. SgRNAs ble generert som beskrevet i avsnitt 2. Etter vellykket sgRNA utvelgelse og syntese (figur 1), ble in vitro testet (figur 2). Den sgRNAs demonstrere in vitro skjæring ble deretter valgt for enkelt celle microinjections.

Voksen fisk var betinget for reproduksjon (§ 4,1), deretter .......

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Den fenotypiske rikdommen av svakt elektrisk fisk, sammen med en fersk spredning av Genomics ressurser, motiverer et sterkt behov for funksjonelle genomisk verktøy i svakt elektrisk fisk modell. Dette systemet er spesielt attraktivt på grunn av den konvergent utviklingen av mange fenotypiske trekk i parallelle linjene av fisk, som er lett oppbevares i laboratoriet.

Protokollen som beskrives her demonstrerer effekten av CRISPR/Cas9 teknikk i linjene av svakt elektrisk fisk som utviklet seg el.......

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Forfatterne erkjenner den heroiske innsatsen til Monica Lucas, Katherine Shaw, Ryan Taylor, Jared Thompson, Nicole Robichaud, og Hope Healey for hjelp med fiskeoppdrett, datainnsamling, og tidlig protokoll utvikling. Vi vil også gjerne takke de tre anmeldere for deres forslag til manuskriptet. Vi tror det endelige produktet til å være av bedre kvalitet etter adressering sine kommentarer. Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av støtte fra National Science Foundation #1644965 og #1455405 til JRG, og naturvitenskap og engineering Research Council DG stipend til VLS.

....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
20 mg/mL RNA grade GlycogenThermo ScientificR0551
50 bp DNA ladderNEBN3236L
borosilicate glass capillary with filamentSutter InstrumentBF100-58-10(O.D. 1.0mm, I.D. 0.58 mm, 10 cm length)
Cas9 protein with NLS; 1 mg/mLPNA BiologyCP01
Dneasy Blood & Tissue KitQiagen69506
Eppendorf FemptoJet 4i MicroinjectorFisher ScientificE5252000021
Eppendorf Microloader Pipette TipsFisher Scientific10289651
Hamilton syringeFisher Scientific14-824-654referred to as "precision glass syringe" in the protocol
KimwipeFisher Scientific06-666referred to as "delicate task wipe" in the protocol
MEGAscript T7 Transcription KitInvitrogenAM1334
NEBuffer 3NEBB7003Sused for in vitro cleavage assay
OneTaq DNA kitNEBM0480L
OvaprimSyndel USAhttps://www.syndel.com/ovaprim-ovammmlu010.htmlreferred to as "spawning agent" in the protocol
ParafilmFisher ScientificS37440referred to as "thermoplastic" in the protocol
Pipette pullerWPISU-P97sutter brand
QIAquick PCR Purification KitQiagen28106
Reusable needle- requires customizationFisher Scientific7803-02Customize to 0.7 inches long; point style 4 and angle 25
T4 DNA polymeraseNEBM0203LUse with the 10X NEB buffer that is included
Teflon coated toolsbonefolder.comT-SPATULA4PIECEreferred to as "polytetrafluoroethene" in the protocol

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