Дрозофила Пассивное избегающее поведение как новая парадигма для изучения ассоциативного аверсивного обучения

Этот протокол описывает новую парадигму анализа аверсивного ассоциативного обучения у взрослых мух (Drosophila melanogaster). Парадигма аналогична пассивному поведению избегания у лабораторных грызунов, в котором животные учатся избегать отсека, где они ранее получили удар электрическим током. Анализ использует отрицательный геотаксис у мух, который проявляется как желание подняться вверх, когда они размещены на вертикальной поверхности. Установка состоит из вертикально ориентированных верхнего и нижнего отсеков. На первом испытании муху помещают в нижний отсек, откуда она обычно выходит в течение 3-15 с, и входят в верхний отсек, где она получает удар электрическим током. Во время второго испытания, спустя 24 часа, задержка значительно увеличивается. При этом количество ударов снижается по сравнению с первым испытанием, что свидетельствует о том, что у мух формируется долговременная память о верхнем отсеке. Запись задержек и количества ударов может быть выполнена с помощью счетчика и секундомера или с помощью простого устройства на основе Arduino. Чтобы проиллюстрировать, как может быть использован анализ, здесь было охарактеризовано пассивное поведение избегания D. melanogaster и D. simulans мужского и женского пола. Сравнение задержек и количества ударов показало, что и D. melanogaster , и D. simulans эффективно научились пассивному поведению избегания. Статистических различий между самцами и самками мух не наблюдалось. Тем не менее, самцы были немного быстрее при входе в верхний отсек в первом испытании, в то время как самки получали немного большее количество ударов в каждом испытании удержания. Западная диета (WD) значительно ухудшала обучение и память у самцов мух, в то время как полетные упражнения уравновешивали этот эффект. Взятые вместе, пассивное поведение избегания у мух предлагает простой и воспроизводимый анализ, который можно использовать для изучения основных механизмов обучения и памяти.

Erratum

Erratum: Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

An erratum was issued for: Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning. The Representative Results and Discussion sections were updated.

In the Representative Results, the legend for Figure 5 was updated from:

Figure 5: Comparison of passive avoidance and grooming behavior in D. simulans males and females. (A) Average latency (s) per trial. The graph shows no statistically significant differences between males and females in the latencies. (B) An average number of received shocks per trial. The graph shows no statistically significant differences between males and females in the number of received shocks. (C) The total duration of grooming bouts in trials 1-3. While there were no statistically significant differences between males and females, the female flies showed a considerable increase in grooming behavior during trials 2 and 3 compared to trial 1. Abbreviations: *- P<0.05. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test.

to:

Figure 5: Comparison of passive avoidance and grooming behavior in D. simulans males and females. (A) Average latency (s) per trial. The graph shows no statistically significant differences between males and females in the latencies. (B) An average number of received shocks per trial. The graph shows no statistically significant differences between males and females in the number of received shocks. (C) The total duration of grooming bouts in trials 1-3. While there were no statistically significant differences between males and females, the female flies showed a considerable decrease in grooming behavior during trials 2 and 3 compared to trial 1. Abbreviations: *- P<0.05. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test.

In the Discussion, the third paragraph was updated from:

The assay worked equally well in D. melanogaster and D. simulans male and female flies, demonstrating that the paradigm could be adapted to different D. species. The changes in fly behavior characterized by increased latencies and decreased number of shocks were statistically significant in the second trial and would strengthen with subsequent trials. Interestingly, if naïve flies were habituated to the apparatus without electric shock, they would enter the upper compartment a little faster on the second and the third trials. However, the decrease in latencies was not statistically significant (data not shown). No statistically significant differences were observed between sexes, although female flies had somewhat longer latencies and received slightly more shocks. This difference could be due to a combination of factors, including females' failure to associate the shock with the upper compartment, a stronger geotaxis, or possibly because females are slightly larger and slower than males. The total duration of grooming bouts was significantly higher in the second and third trials in female flies, which draws a parallel between D. and rodent anxiety-like behaviors²⁶.

to:

The assay worked equally well in D. melanogaster and D. simulans male and female flies, demonstrating that the paradigm could be adapted to different D. species. The changes in fly behavior characterized by increased latencies and decreased number of shocks were statistically significant in the second trial and would strengthen with subsequent trials. Interestingly, if naïve flies were habituated to the apparatus without electric shock, they would enter the upper compartment a little faster on the second and the third trials. However, the decrease in latencies was not statistically significant (data not shown). No statistically significant differences were observed between sexes, although female flies had somewhat longer latencies and received slightly more shocks. This difference could be due to a combination of factors, including females' failure to associate the shock with the upper compartment, a stronger geotaxis, or possibly because females are slightly larger and slower than males. The total duration of grooming bouts was significantly lower in the second and third trials in female flies, which draws a parallel between D. and rodent anxiety-like behaviors²⁶.

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