Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Biology
为了获得轴性昆虫,其卵表面被灭菌,然后使用轴性叶子饲养孵化的幼虫。这种方法为抗焦虑昆虫的制备提供了一种有效的方法,而无需施用抗生素或开发人造饮食,这也可以应用于其他食叶昆虫。
昆虫的肠道被各种细菌定植,这些细菌可以深刻地影响宿主的生理特征。将特定的细菌菌株引入轴性昆虫中是验证肠道微生物功能并阐明肠道微生物 - 宿主相互作用机制的强大方法。给予抗生素或对卵子表面进行消毒是两种常用的方法,用于清除昆虫的肠道细菌。然而,除了抗生素对昆虫的潜在不利影响外,以前的研究表明,喂食抗生素并不能消除肠道细菌。因此,无菌人工饲料通常用于维持轴性昆虫,这是一个繁琐且劳动密集型的过程,不能完全类似于天然食品中的营养成分。这里描述的是一种有效且简单的方案,用于制备和维持叶甲虫(Plagiodera versicolora)的轴性幼虫。具体来说,甲虫卵的表面被消毒,然后使用无菌的杨树叶来饲养轴系幼虫。通过培养依赖性和培养无关性测定进一步证实了昆虫的轴性状态。通过结合鸡蛋消毒和无菌栽培,共同开发了一种有效且方便的方法来获得轴性 花叶假单胞菌,为其他食叶昆虫提供了易于转移的工具。
与哺乳动物类似,昆虫消化道是食物消化和吸收的空腔。大多数昆虫含有多种共生细菌,这些细菌在肠道中茁壮成长,并以宿主1提供的营养为生。肠道共生群落对昆虫的多种生理过程具有深远的影响,包括食物消化和解毒2,3,4,营养和发育5,6,7,对病原体和寄生虫的防御8,9,10,11,化学通讯12,13 和行为14,15.有趣的是,一些肠道微生物群可能兼性致病性或被入侵病原体操纵以加重感染,这表明肠道细菌在某些情况下可能是有害的
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
0.22 µm syringe filters | Millipore | SLGP033RB | |
1 mg/mL NAA stock solution | a. Prepare 0.1 M NaOH solution (dissolve 0.8 g NaOH in 200 mL of distilled water). b. Add 0.2 g NAA in a 250 mL beaker, add little 0.1 M NaOH solution until NAA dissolved, and adjust the final volume to 200 mL with distilled water. c. Filter the solution to remove bacteria with a 0.22 µm syringe filter and a 50 mL sterile syringe, subpackage the solution in 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and restore at -20 °C. | ||
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes | Sangon Biotech | F600620 | |
10x PBS stock solution | Biosharp Life Sciences | BL302A | |
2 M KOH solution | Dissolve 22.44 g KOH (molecular weight: 56.1) in 200 mL of distilled water and autoclave it for 20 min at 121 °C. | ||
250 mL and 2,000 mL beakers | Shubo | sb16455 | |
50 mL sterile syringes | Jinta | JT0125789 | |
500 mL measuring cylinder | Shubo | sb1601 | |
50x TAE stock solution | a. Dissolve 242 g Tris and 18.612 g EDTA in 700 mL of distilled water. b. Adjust pH to 7.8 with about 57.1 mL of acetic acid. c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL. d. The stock solution was diluted to 1x TAE buffer when used. | ||
75% ethanol | Xingheda trade | ||
α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) | Solarbio Life Sciences | 86-87-3 | |
Absorbing paper | 22.3 cm x 15.3 cm x 9 cm | ||
Acetic acid | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd | ||
Agar | Coolaber | 9002-18-0 | |
Agarose | Biowest | 111860 | |
Autoclave | Panasonic | MLS-3781L-PC | |
Bead-beating homogenizer | Jing Xin | XM-GTL64 | |
DNA extraction kit | MP Biomedicals | 116560200 | |
EDTA | Saiguo Biotech | 1340 | |
Filter paper | Jiaojie | 70 mm diameter | |
Gel electrophoresis unit | Bio-rad | 164-5052 | |
Gel Signal Green nucleic acid dye | TsingKe | TSJ003 | |
Germ-free poplar seedlings | Shan Xin poplar from Ludong University in Shandong Province | ||
Golden Star Super PCR Master Mix (1.1×) | TsingKe | TSE101 | |
Growth chamber | Ruihua | HP400GS-C | |
LB agar medium | a. Dissolve 5 g tryptone, 5 g NaCl, 2.5 g yeast extract in 300 mL of distilled water. b. Adjust the final volume to 500 mL, transfer the solution to a 1,000 mL conical flask, and add 7.5 g agar. c. Autoclave the medium for 20 min at 121 °C. | ||
Mini centrifuge | DRAGONLAB | D1008 | |
MS basic medium | Coolaber | PM1121-50L | M0245 |
MS solid medium for germ-free poplar seedling culture | a. Dissolve 4.43 g MS basic medium powder and 30 g sucrose in 800 mL of distilled water. b. Adjust the pH to about 5.8 with 2 M KOH by a pH meter. c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL, separate into two parts, transfer into two 1,000 mL conical flasks, and add 2.6 g agar per 500 mL. d. Autoclave for 20 min at 121 °C. | ||
NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer | Thermo Fisher Scientific | ||
Paintbrush | 1 cm width, used to collect the eggs | ||
Parafilm | Bemis | PM-996 | |
PCR Thermal Cyclers | Eppendorf | 6331000076 | |
Petri dishes | Supin | 90 mm diameter | |
pH meter | METTLER TOLEDO | FE20 | |
Pipettes 0.2-2 µL | Gilson | ECS000699 | |
Pipettes 100-1,000 µL | Eppendorf | 3120000267 | |
Pipettes 20-200 µL | Eppendorf | 3120000259 | |
Pipettes 2-20 µL | Eppendorf | 3120000232 | |
Plant tissue culture container | Chembase | ZP21 | 240 mL |
Plastic box | 2.35 L | ||
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd | ||
Primers for amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA gene | Sangon Biotech | 27-F: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’, 1492R: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’ | |
Sodium chloride (NaCl) | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd | ||
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd | ||
Steel balls | 0.25 mm | used to grind tissues | |
Stereomicroscope | OLYMPUS | SZ61 | |
Sucrose | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd | ||
Trans2K plus II DNA marker | Transgene Biotech | BM121-01 | |
Tris base | Biosharp Life Sciences | 1115 | |
Tryptone | Thermo Fisher Scientific | LP0037 | |
UV transilluminator | Monad Biotech | QuickGel 6100 | |
Vortexer | Scilogex | MX-S | |
Willow branches | Sha Lake Park, Wuhan, China | ||
Willow leaf beetle | Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China | ||
Yeast extract | Thermo Fisher Scientific | LP0021 |
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