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Biology

用组织培养幼苗制备和饲养轴性昆虫用于叶甲虫的宿主 - 肠道微生物群相互作用研究

Published: October 8th, 2021

DOI:

10.3791/63195

1State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 2Institute of Plant Protection, Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, 3McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin

为了获得轴性昆虫,其卵表面被灭菌,然后使用轴性叶子饲养孵化的幼虫。这种方法为抗焦虑昆虫的制备提供了一种有效的方法,而无需施用抗生素或开发人造饮食,这也可以应用于其他食叶昆虫。

昆虫的肠道被各种细菌定植,这些细菌可以深刻地影响宿主的生理特征。将特定的细菌菌株引入轴性昆虫中是验证肠道微生物功能并阐明肠道微生物 - 宿主相互作用机制的强大方法。给予抗生素或对卵子表面进行消毒是两种常用的方法,用于清除昆虫的肠道细菌。然而,除了抗生素对昆虫的潜在不利影响外,以前的研究表明,喂食抗生素并不能消除肠道细菌。因此,无菌人工饲料通常用于维持轴性昆虫,这是一个繁琐且劳动密集型的过程,不能完全类似于天然食品中的营养成分。这里描述的是一种有效且简单的方案,用于制备和维持叶甲虫(Plagiodera versicolora)的轴性幼虫。具体来说,甲虫卵的表面被消毒,然后使用无菌的杨树叶来饲养轴系幼虫。通过培养依赖性和培养无关性测定进一步证实了昆虫的轴性状态。通过结合鸡蛋消毒和无菌栽培,共同开发了一种有效且方便的方法来获得轴性 花叶假单胞菌,为其他食叶昆虫提供了易于转移的工具。

与哺乳动物类似,昆虫消化道是食物消化和吸收的空腔。大多数昆虫含有多种共生细菌,这些细菌在肠道中茁壮成长,并以宿主1提供的营养为生。肠道共生群落对昆虫的多种生理过程具有深远的影响,包括食物消化和解毒234,营养和发育567,对病原体和寄生虫的防御891011,化学通讯1213 和行为1415.有趣的是,一些肠道微生物群可能兼性致病性或被入侵病原体操纵以加重感染,这表明肠道细菌在某些情况下可能是有害的

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1. 昆虫饲养

  1. 在生长室中维持花 斑芽孢杆菌 种群,条件为27°C和70±5%相对湿度,光周期为16小时光照/ 8小时黑暗。将它们放在带有瓷砖湿吸纸的穿孔塑料盒中,并喂它们新鲜的杨树枝。在吸收纸上喷洒清水以保持水分,并每两天更换一次树枝。
  2. 分离成虫在化蛹后产卵。给它们喂食嫩叶以获得更多的卵。
  3. 收集新产卵(24小时内)。将卵放在潮湿的吸收纸上60?.......

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P. versicolora的寿命阶段如图1所示。成年男性比成年女性小(图1A)。在田野里,甲虫将其卵聚集在叶子上;在这里,四个卵从叶子上分离出来(图1B)。用于斧头昆虫饲养的杨树茎段和幼苗如图2所示。3幼虫的肠道如图3所示,肠道段用白色括号标记。

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制备无菌幼虫和通过重新引入特定细菌菌株获得无菌幼虫是阐明宿主 - 微生物相互作用机制的有力方法。新孵化的幼虫以两种主要方式获得肠道微生物群:从母亲到后代的垂直传播或从兄弟姐妹和环境的水平获取34。前者可以通过亲本通过污染卵表面35将后代转移给后代来实现。因此,通过对昆虫卵表面27、28、29.......

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这项工作由中国国家自然科学基金(31971663)和CAST青年精英科学家赞助计划(2020QNRC001)资助。

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
0.22 µm syringe filtersMilliporeSLGP033RB
1 mg/mL NAA stock solutiona. Prepare 0.1 M NaOH solution (dissolve 0.8 g NaOH in 200 mL of distilled water).
b. Add 0.2 g NAA in a 250 mL beaker, add little 0.1 M NaOH solution until NAA dissolved, and adjust the final volume to 200 mL with distilled water.
c. Filter the solution to remove bacteria with a 0.22 µm syringe filter and a 50 mL sterile syringe, subpackage the solution in 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and restore at -20 °C.
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubesSangon BiotechF600620
10x PBS stock solutionBiosharp Life SciencesBL302A
2 M KOH solutionDissolve 22.44 g KOH (molecular weight: 56.1) in 200 mL of distilled water and autoclave it for 20 min at 121 °C.
250 mL and 2,000 mL beakersShubosb16455
50 mL sterile syringesJintaJT0125789
500 mL measuring cylinderShubosb1601
50x TAE stock solutiona. Dissolve 242 g Tris and 18.612 g EDTA in 700 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust pH to 7.8 with about 57.1 mL of acetic acid.
c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL.
d. The stock solution was diluted to 1x TAE buffer when used.
75% ethanolXingheda trade
α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)Solarbio Life Sciences86-87-3
Absorbing paper22.3 cm x 15.3 cm x 9 cm
Acetic acidSinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
AgarCoolaber9002-18-0
AgaroseBiowest111860
AutoclavePanasonicMLS-3781L-PC
Bead-beating homogenizerJing XinXM-GTL64
DNA extraction kitMP Biomedicals116560200
EDTASaiguo Biotech1340
Filter paperJiaojie70 mm diameter
Gel electrophoresis unitBio-rad164-5052
Gel Signal Green nucleic acid dyeTsingKeTSJ003
Germ-free poplar seedlingsShan Xin poplar from Ludong University in Shandong Province
Golden Star Super PCR Master Mix (1.1×)TsingKeTSE101
Growth chamberRuihuaHP400GS-C
LB agar mediuma. Dissolve 5 g tryptone, 5 g NaCl, 2.5 g yeast extract in 300 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust the final volume to 500 mL, transfer the solution to a 1,000 mL conical flask, and add 7.5 g agar.
c. Autoclave the medium for 20 min at 121 °C.
Mini centrifugeDRAGONLABD1008
MS basic mediumCoolaberPM1121-50LM0245
MS solid medium for germ-free poplar seedling culturea. Dissolve 4.43 g MS basic medium powder and 30 g sucrose in 800 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust the pH to about 5.8 with 2 M KOH by a pH meter.
c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL, separate into two parts, transfer into two 1,000 mL conical flasks, and add 2.6 g agar per 500 mL.
d. Autoclave for 20 min at 121 °C.
NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometerThermo Fisher Scientific
Paintbrush1 cm width, used to collect the eggs
ParafilmBemisPM-996
PCR Thermal CyclersEppendorf6331000076
Petri dishesSupin90 mm diameter
pH meterMETTLER TOLEDOFE20
Pipettes 0.2-2 µLGilsonECS000699
Pipettes 100-1,000 µLEppendorf3120000267
Pipettes 20-200 µLEppendorf3120000259
Pipettes 2-20 µLEppendorf3120000232
Plant tissue culture containerChembaseZP21240 mL
Plastic box2.35 L
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Primers for amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA geneSangon Biotech27-F: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’, 1492R: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’
Sodium chloride (NaCl)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Steel balls0.25 mmused to grind tissues
StereomicroscopeOLYMPUSSZ61
SucroseSinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Trans2K plus II DNA markerTransgene BiotechBM121-01
Tris baseBiosharp Life Sciences1115
TryptoneThermo Fisher Scientific LP0037
UV transilluminatorMonad BiotechQuickGel 6100
VortexerScilogexMX-S
Willow branchesSha Lake Park, Wuhan, China
Willow leaf beetleHuazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Yeast extractThermo Fisher ScientificLP0021

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