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Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Biology

Forberede og oppdrette akseniske insekter med vevskulturerte frøplanter for host-gut mikrobiota interaksjonsstudier av bladbille

Published: October 8th, 2021

DOI:

10.3791/63195

1State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 2Institute of Plant Protection, Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, 3McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin

For å oppnå et aksenisk insekt steriliseres eggoverflaten, og den klekkede larven blir deretter oppdrettet ved hjelp av akseniske blader. Denne metoden gir en effektiv måte for aksenisk insektforberedelse uten å administrere antibiotika eller utvikle et kunstig kosthold, som også kan brukes på andre bladspisende insekter.

Insekt guts er kolonisert av ulike bakterier som kan dypt påvirke vertens fysiologiske egenskaper. Å introdusere en bestemt bakteriestamme i et aksenisk insekt er en kraftig metode for å verifisere tarmmikrobiell funksjon og belyse mekanismene som ligger til grunn for tarmmikrobevertinteraksjoner. Administrering av antibiotika eller sterilisering av eggoverflater er to ofte brukte metoder for å fjerne tarmbakterier fra insekter. Men i tillegg til de potensielle bivirkningene av antibiotika på insekter, indikerte tidligere studier at fôring av antibiotika ikke kunne eliminere tarmbakterier. Dermed brukes bakteriefrie kunstige dietter generelt for å opprettholde akseniske insekter, som er en kjedelig og arbeidsintensiv prosess som ikke fullt ut kan ligne ernæringsmessige komponenter i naturlig mat. Beskrevet her er en effektiv og enkel protokoll for å forberede og vedlikeholde akseniske larver av en bladbille (Plagiodera versicolora). Spesielt ble overflater av billeeggene sterilisert, hvorpå bakteriefrie poppelblader ble brukt til å bake akseniske larver. Insektenes axeniske status ble ytterligere bekreftet via kulturavhengige og kulturuavhengige analyser. Samlet, ved å kombinere eggdesinfeksjon og bakteriefri dyrking, ble det utviklet en effektiv og praktisk metode for å oppnå aksenisk P. versicolora, noe som gir et lett overførbart verktøy for andre bladspisende insekter.

I likhet med pattedyr er insekt fordøyelseskanalen et hulrom for mat fordøyelse og absorpsjon. De fleste insekter har forskjellige kommensale bakterier som trives i tarmene og lever på ernæring levert av vertene1. Tarmkommunikasjonssamfunnet har en dyp innvirkning på flere fysiologiske prosesser i insekter, inkludert mat fordøyelse og avgiftning 2,3,4, ernæring og utvikling 5,6,7, forsvar mot patogener og parasitter

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1. Insektoppdrett

  1. Opprettholde P. versicolora befolkningen i et vekstkammer på betingelse av 27 °C og 70 ± 5% relativ fuktighet med en fotoperiod på 16 h lys / 8 h mørk. Legg dem i perforerte plastbokser med flislagt våt absorberende papir og mate dem friske poppelgrener. Spray rent vann på absorberende papir for å opprettholde fuktighet og endre grenene annenhver dag.
  2. Isoler voksne for oviposisjon etter pupering. Fôr dem ømme blader for å få flere egg.
  3. .......

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Livsstadiene til P. versicolora er vist i figur 1. Den voksne hannen er mindre enn den voksne kvinnen (figur 1A). I feltet klynger boblen eggene sine på et blad; her ble fire egg løsnet fra et blad (figur 1B). Poppelstammesegmentene og plantene som brukes til aksenisk insektoppdrett er vist i figur 2. Tarmen til en 3rd instar larve er vist i figur 3, o.......

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Forberedelse av bakteriefrie larver og oppnå gnotobiotiske larver ved å gjeninnføre spesifikke bakteriestammer er kraftige metoder for å belyse mekanismene som ligger til grunn for vertsmikrobeinteraksjoner. Nyutviklede larver oppnår tarmmikrobiota på to hovedmåter: vertikal overføring fra moren til avkom eller horisontalt oppkjøp fra søsken og miljø34. Førstnevnte kan oppfylles ved foreldreoverføring til avkom gjennom forurensning av eggoverflaten35. Dermed er.......

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Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971663) og Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program av CAST (2020QNRC001).

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
0.22 µm syringe filtersMilliporeSLGP033RB
1 mg/mL NAA stock solutiona. Prepare 0.1 M NaOH solution (dissolve 0.8 g NaOH in 200 mL of distilled water).
b. Add 0.2 g NAA in a 250 mL beaker, add little 0.1 M NaOH solution until NAA dissolved, and adjust the final volume to 200 mL with distilled water.
c. Filter the solution to remove bacteria with a 0.22 µm syringe filter and a 50 mL sterile syringe, subpackage the solution in 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and restore at -20 °C.
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubesSangon BiotechF600620
10x PBS stock solutionBiosharp Life SciencesBL302A
2 M KOH solutionDissolve 22.44 g KOH (molecular weight: 56.1) in 200 mL of distilled water and autoclave it for 20 min at 121 °C.
250 mL and 2,000 mL beakersShubosb16455
50 mL sterile syringesJintaJT0125789
500 mL measuring cylinderShubosb1601
50x TAE stock solutiona. Dissolve 242 g Tris and 18.612 g EDTA in 700 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust pH to 7.8 with about 57.1 mL of acetic acid.
c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL.
d. The stock solution was diluted to 1x TAE buffer when used.
75% ethanolXingheda trade
α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)Solarbio Life Sciences86-87-3
Absorbing paper22.3 cm x 15.3 cm x 9 cm
Acetic acidSinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
AgarCoolaber9002-18-0
AgaroseBiowest111860
AutoclavePanasonicMLS-3781L-PC
Bead-beating homogenizerJing XinXM-GTL64
DNA extraction kitMP Biomedicals116560200
EDTASaiguo Biotech1340
Filter paperJiaojie70 mm diameter
Gel electrophoresis unitBio-rad164-5052
Gel Signal Green nucleic acid dyeTsingKeTSJ003
Germ-free poplar seedlingsShan Xin poplar from Ludong University in Shandong Province
Golden Star Super PCR Master Mix (1.1×)TsingKeTSE101
Growth chamberRuihuaHP400GS-C
LB agar mediuma. Dissolve 5 g tryptone, 5 g NaCl, 2.5 g yeast extract in 300 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust the final volume to 500 mL, transfer the solution to a 1,000 mL conical flask, and add 7.5 g agar.
c. Autoclave the medium for 20 min at 121 °C.
Mini centrifugeDRAGONLABD1008
MS basic mediumCoolaberPM1121-50LM0245
MS solid medium for germ-free poplar seedling culturea. Dissolve 4.43 g MS basic medium powder and 30 g sucrose in 800 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust the pH to about 5.8 with 2 M KOH by a pH meter.
c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL, separate into two parts, transfer into two 1,000 mL conical flasks, and add 2.6 g agar per 500 mL.
d. Autoclave for 20 min at 121 °C.
NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometerThermo Fisher Scientific
Paintbrush1 cm width, used to collect the eggs
ParafilmBemisPM-996
PCR Thermal CyclersEppendorf6331000076
Petri dishesSupin90 mm diameter
pH meterMETTLER TOLEDOFE20
Pipettes 0.2-2 µLGilsonECS000699
Pipettes 100-1,000 µLEppendorf3120000267
Pipettes 20-200 µLEppendorf3120000259
Pipettes 2-20 µLEppendorf3120000232
Plant tissue culture containerChembaseZP21240 mL
Plastic box2.35 L
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Primers for amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA geneSangon Biotech27-F: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’, 1492R: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’
Sodium chloride (NaCl)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Steel balls0.25 mmused to grind tissues
StereomicroscopeOLYMPUSSZ61
SucroseSinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Trans2K plus II DNA markerTransgene BiotechBM121-01
Tris baseBiosharp Life Sciences1115
TryptoneThermo Fisher Scientific LP0037
UV transilluminatorMonad BiotechQuickGel 6100
VortexerScilogexMX-S
Willow branchesSha Lake Park, Wuhan, China
Willow leaf beetleHuazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Yeast extractThermo Fisher ScientificLP0021

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