Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Neuroscience
该协议描述了用于切片,染色和成像小鼠大脑的自由浮动组织切片的方法,随后详细描述了星形胶质细胞区域体积和星形胶质细胞区域重叠或平铺的分析。
星形胶质细胞具有惊人的形态复杂性,使它们能够与大脑中几乎每种类型的细胞和结构相互作用。通过这些相互作用,星形胶质细胞积极调节许多关键的大脑功能,包括突触形成、神经传递和离子稳态。在啮齿动物大脑中,星形胶质细胞在产后前三周的大小和复杂性增加,并建立不同的,不重叠的领土来平铺大脑。该协议提供了一种使用来自小鼠大脑的自由浮动组织切片分析星形胶质细胞区域体积和星形胶质细胞平铺的既定方法。首先,该方案描述了自由浮动组织切片的组织收集,冷冻切片和免疫染色的步骤。其次,该协议描述了星形胶质细胞区域体积和区域重叠体积的图像采集和分析,使用市售的图像分析软件。最后,本文讨论了这些方法的优点,重要考虑因素,常见陷阱和局限性。该协议要求脑组织具有星形胶质细胞的稀疏或马赛克荧光标记,并且设计用于与常见的实验室设备,共聚焦显微镜和市售的图像分析软件一起使用。
星形胶质细胞是精心分支的细胞,在大脑中执行许多重要功能1。在小鼠皮层中,桡骨神经胶质干细胞在胚胎晚期和产后早期阶段2中产生星形胶质细胞。在产后的前三周,星形胶质细胞的大小和复杂性增加,形成数千个直接与突触相互作用的细枝1。同时,星形胶质细胞与邻近的星形胶质细胞相互作用,以建立离散的、非重叠的区域来平铺大脑3,同时 通过 间隙连接通道4保持通信。在侮辱或损伤5之后的许多疾病状态中,星形胶质细胞的形态和组织被破坏,这表明这些过程对正常大脑功能的重要性。在正常发育、衰老和疾病期间分析星形胶质细胞的形态特性可以为星形胶质细胞生物学和生理学提供有价值的见解。此外,在遗传操作后分析星形胶质细胞形态是辨别控制星形胶质细胞形态复杂性的建立和维持的细胞和分子机制的宝贵工具。
由于星形胶质细胞分支的复杂性和星形胶质细胞平铺,对小鼠大脑中星形胶质细胞形态的分析很复杂。使用中间丝胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)作为星形胶质细胞特异性标记物的抗体染色仅捕获主要分支,并且大大低估了星形胶质细胞形态学复杂性1。其他细胞特异性标记物如谷氨酸转运蛋白1(GLT-1;....
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
#5 forceps | Roboz | RS-5045 | |
1 mL TB Syringe | Becton Dickinson (BD) | 309623 | |
10x TBS (tris-buffered saline) | 30 g Tris, 80 g NaCl, 2 g KCl, HCl to pH 7.4, dH2O to 1 L; store at room temperature (RT) | ||
12-well plate | Genesee Scientific | 25-106MP | |
1x TBS | 100 mL 10x TBS + 900 mL dH2O; store at RT | ||
1x TBS + Heparin | 28.2 mg Heparin + 250 mL 1x TBS; store at 4 °C | ||
24-well plate | Genesee Scientific | 25-107MP | |
30% Sucrose in TBS | 15 g sucrose, 1x TBS to 50 mL; store at 4 °C | ||
4% PFA (paraformaldehyde) in TBS | 40 g PFA, 4-6 NaOH pellets, 100 mL 10x TBS, dH2O to 1 L; store at 4 °C | ||
Avertin | 0.3125 g tri-bromoethanol, 0.625 mL methylbutanol, dH2O to 25 mL; store at 4 °C; discard 2 weeks after making | ||
Blocking and antibody buffer | 10% goat serum in TBST; store at 4 °C | ||
CD1 mice | Charles River | 022 | |
Collection vial for brains | Fisher Scientific | 03-337-20 | |
Confocal acquisition software | Olympous | FV31S-SW | |
Confocal microscope | Olympus | FV3000RS | |
Coverslips | Fisher Scientific | 12544E | |
Cryostat | Thermo Scientific | CryoStar NX50 | |
Cryostat blade | Thermo Scientific | 3052835 | |
DAPI | Invitrogen | D1306 | |
Embedding mold | Polysciences | 18646A-1 | |
Freezing Medium | 2:1 30% sucrose:OCT; store at RT | ||
GFP antibody | Aves Labs | GFP1010 | |
Glycerol | Thermo Scientific | 158920010 | |
Goat anti-chicken 488 | Invitrogen | A-11039 | |
Goat anti-rabbit 594 | Invitrogen | A11037 | |
Goat Serum | Gibco | 16210064 | |
Heparin | Sigma-Aldrich | H3149 | |
Hydrochloric acid | Sigma-Aldrich | 258148 | |
Imaris | Bitplane | N/A | Version 9.8.0 |
MATLAB | MathWorks | N/A | |
Metal lunch tin | AQUARIUS | N/A | From Amazon, "DIY Large Fun Box" |
Methylbutanol | Sigma-Aldrich | 152463 | |
Micro Dissecting Scissors | Roboz | RS-5921 | |
Mouting medium | 20mM Tris pH8.0, 90% Glycerol, 0.5% N-propyl gallate ; store at 4 °C; good for up to 2 months | ||
Nailpolish | VWR | 100491-940 | |
N-propyl gallate | Sigma-Aldrich | 02370-100G | |
O.C.T. | Fisher Scientific | 23-730-571 | |
Oil | Olympus | IMMOIL-F30CC | Specific to microscope/objective |
Operating Scissors 6" | Roboz | RS-6820 | |
Orbital platform shaker | Fisher Scientific | 88861043 | Minimum speed needed: 25 rpm |
Paintbrush | Bogrinuo | N/A | From Amazon, "Detail Paint Brushes - Miniature Brushes" |
Paraformaldehyde | Sigma-Aldrich | P6148 | |
Pasteur pipet (5.75") | VWR | 14672-608 | |
Pasteur pipet (9") | VWR | 14672-380 | |
Potassium chloride | Sigma-Aldrich | P9541-500G | |
Razor blade | Fisher Scientific | 12-640 | |
RFP antibody | Rockland | 600-401-379 | |
Sectioning medium | 1:1 glycerol:1x TBS; store at RT | ||
Slides | VWR | 48311-703 | |
Sodium chrloide | Fisher Scientific | BP358-212 | |
Sodium hydroxide | Sigma-Aldrich | S5881 | |
Sucrose | Sigma-Aldrich | S0389 | |
TBST (TBS + Triton X-100) | 0.2% Triton in 1x TBS; store at RT | ||
Transfer Pipet | VWR | 414004-002 | |
Tri-bromoethanol | Sigma-Aldrich | T48402 | |
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane | Thermo Scientific | 424570025 | |
Triton X-100 | Sigma-Aldrich | 93443 | |
Triton X-100 (high-quality) | Fisher Scientific | 50-489-120 | |
XTSpotsConvexHull | N/A | N/A | custom XTension provide as supplementary material |
Buffers and Solutions | |||
10x TBS | xx mM Tris, xx mM NaCl, xx mM KCl, pH 7.4 | ||
1x TBS | |||
1x TBS + Heparin | add xx mg Heparin to xx mL of 1x TBS | ||
4% PFA | |||
30% Sucrose in TBS | |||
Freezing Medium | |||
Sectioning medium | |||
TBST | 0.2% Triton in 1x TBS | ||
Blocking and antibody buffer | 10% goat serum in 1x TBST | ||
Mouting medium |
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