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Biology

自下而上的 体外 方法测定隔膜的超微结构组织、膜重塑和曲率敏感性行为

Published: August 17th, 2022

DOI:

10.3791/63889

1Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 2Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 3Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, 5Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de microscopie électronique (IBPS-SME), 6Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, 7Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV
* These authors contributed equally

败类是细胞骨架蛋白。它们与脂质膜相互作用,可以感测但也会产生微米级的膜曲率。我们在该协议中描述了用于分析膜变形,曲率敏感的隔膜结合和隔膜长丝超微结构的自下而上的 体外 方法。

膜重塑不断发生在质膜和细胞器内。为了充分剖析环境的作用(离子条件,蛋白质和脂质组成,膜曲率)以及与特定膜重塑过程相关的不同伙伴,我们采用 体外 自下而上的方法。近年来,人们一直对揭示与主要疾病相关的隔膜蛋白的作用有着浓厚的兴趣。隔膜是与质膜相互作用的必需且无处不在的细胞骨架蛋白。它们与细胞分裂,细胞运动,神经形态发生和精子发生以及其他功能有关。因此,重要的是要了解隔膜上如何相互作用和组织以随后诱导膜变形,以及它们如何对特定的膜曲率敏感。本文旨在破译分子水平上隔膜的超结构与微米级膜重塑之间的相互作用。为此,对萌芽酵母和哺乳动物隔膜复合物进行重组表达和纯化。然后使用 体外 测定的组合来分析隔膜处的自组装。使用支撑的脂质双分子层(SLBs),巨型单层囊泡(GUV),大型单层囊泡(LUV)和波浪基质来研究隔膜自组装,膜重塑和膜曲率之间的相互作用。

败类是与脂质膜相互作用的细胞骨架细丝形成蛋白。败类在真核生物中无处不在,对许多细胞功能至关重要。它们已被确定为萌芽酵母和哺乳动物细胞分裂的主要调节因子12。它们参与膜重塑事件,纤毛发生3和精子发生4。在哺乳动物细胞中,隔膜蛋白还可以以Rho GTPas酶(BORG)依赖性方式的结合剂8与肌动蛋白和微管567相互作用。在各种组织(神经元9,纤毛3,精子10)中,隔膜蛋白已被鉴定为膜结合组分11的扩散屏障的调节因子。隔膜也被证明可以调节膜起泡和突出形成12。败类是多任务蛋白质,与各种流行疾病的出现有关13.他们的失调与癌症14和神经退行性疾病

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1. 使用巨型单层囊泡 (GUV) 测定膜重塑

注意:在本节中,生成GUV是为了模拟隔膜在细胞环境中可能由隔膜引起的膜变形。事实上,在细胞中,隔膜蛋白经常在具有微米曲率的位点发现。GUV的尺寸从几微米到几十微米不等,可能会变形。因此,它们适用于测定任何微米级隔膜蛋白引起的变形。荧光脂质以及荧光标记的隔膜蛋白(使用绿色荧光蛋白[GFP])用于 通?.......

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无人机变形
在隔膜蛋白聚合的条件下, 图3显示了与隔膜蛋白一起孵育后重塑的GUV的典型共聚焦荧光图像。裸露的GUV(图3A)是完全球形的。在与超过50 nM的萌芽酵母隔膜丝孵育时,囊泡出现变形。浓度高达100nM的芽酵母隔膜八聚体,囊泡出现小平面,变形保持静态,因此不波动(图3B)。高于200nM的发芽酵母隔板,?.......

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如上所述,已经使用了脂质混合物来增强脂质双层内的PI(4,5)P2 掺入,从而促进隔膜相互作用。事实上,我们已经在其他地方展示了25 ,萌芽的酵母隔膜以PI(4,5)P2特异性方式与囊泡相互作用。该脂质组成通过筛选多种组合物进行经验调整,现在被作者广泛使用。PI(4,5)P2 脂质必须小心处理。储备溶液必须小体积等分,以便特定小瓶不会打开两?.......

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我们感谢帕特里夏·巴塞罗和丹尼尔·莱维的有益建议和讨论。这项工作得益于国家研究机构(ANR-13-JSV8-0002-01)、ANR SEPTIMORF ANR-17-CE13-0014和“SEPTSCORT”项目ANR-20-CE11-0014-01的支持。B. Chauvin由巴黎高等医学院“ED564:法兰西岛的体质”和医学研究基金会资助。K.中泽得到了索邦大学(AAP新兴)的支持。G.H.科恩德林克得到了荷兰组织联合会(NWO/OCW)通过“BaSyC-构建合成细胞”的支持。引力授予(024.003.019)。我们感谢拉博细胞(n)量表(ANR-11-LABX0038)和巴黎科学与文学(ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02)。我们感谢法国国家研究基础设施法国生物成像(ANR10-INBS-04)成员居里研究所的细胞和组织成像(PICT-IBiSA)。

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineAvanti Polar Lipids850725
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineAvanti Polar Lipids840035
Bath sonicatorElmaElmasonic S10H
Bodipy-TR-Ceramideinvitrogen, Thermo Fischer scientific11504726
Chemicals: NaCl, Tris-HCl, sucrose, KCl, MgCl2, B-casein, chloroform, sodium cacodylate, tannic acid, ethanolSigma Aldrich
Confocal microscopenikonspinning disk or confocal
Critical point dryerLeica microsystemsCPD300
Deionized water generatorMilliQF1CA38083BMilliQ integral 3
Egg L-α-phosphatidylcholineAvanti Polar Lipids840051
Field Emission Gun SEM (FESEM)Carl ZeissGemini SEM500
Glutaraldehyde 25 %, aqueous solutionThermo Fischer scientific50-262-19
High vacuum grease, Dow corningVWR
IMOD softwarehttps://bio3d.colorado.edu/imod/software suite for tilted series image alignment and 3D reconstruction
Lacey Formvar/carbon electron microscopy gridsEloise01883-F
LipidsAvanti Polar Lipids
L-α-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphateAvanti Polar Lipids840046
Metal evaporatorLeica microsystemsEM ACE600
NOA (Norland Optical Adhesives), NOA 71 and NOA 81Norland ProductsNOA71, NOA81
Osmium tetraoxyde 4%delta microscopies19170
OsmometerLöser15 M
Plasma cleanerAlcatelpascal 2005 SD
Plasma generatorElectron Microscopy Science
Plunge freezing equipmentleica microsystemsEMGP
Transmission electron microscopeThermofischerTecnai G2 200 kV, LaB6
Uranyl acetateElectron Microscopy Science22451this product is not available for purchase any longer
Wax plates, VitrexVWR

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