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Chemistry

微波合成条件对氢氧化镍纳米片结构的影响

Published: August 18th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65412

1Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 3Westlake Highschool

氢氧化镍纳米片是通过微波辅助水热反应合成的。该协议表明,用于微波合成的反应温度和时间会影响反应产率、晶体结构和局部配位环境。

提出了一种在弱酸性条件下快速微波辅助水热合成氢氧化镍纳米片的方案,并研究了反应温度和时间对材料结构的影响。所有研究的反应条件都产生层状α-Ni(OH)2 纳米片的聚集体。反应温度和时间对材料结构和产物收率有很大影响。在较高温度下合成α-Ni(OH)2 可提高反应产率,降低层间间距,增加晶畴尺寸,改变层间阴离子振动模式的频率,并降低孔径。较长的反应时间可提高反应产率,并产生相似的晶域大小。 原位 监测反应压力表明,在较高的反应温度下获得更高的压力。这种微波辅助合成路线提供了一种快速、高通量、可扩展的工艺,可应用于各种过渡金属氢氧化物的合成和生产,用于多种能量存储、催化、传感器和其他应用。

氢氧化镍 Ni(OH)2 用于多种应用,包括镍锌和镍氢电池1234、燃料电池4、水电解槽456789、超级电容器4、光催化剂4、阴离子交换剂10,以及许多其他分析、电化学和传感器应用 4,5。Ni(OH)2 具有两种主要晶体结构:β-Ni(OH)2 和 α-Ni(OH)2

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注:微波合成过程的示意图如 图1所示。

1. α-Ni(OH)2 纳米片的微波合成

  1. 前体溶液的制备
    1. 通过混合 15 mL 超纯水 (≥18 MΩ-cm) 和 105 mL 乙二醇来制备前体溶液。加入 5.0 克 Ni(NO32 ·6 H2O和4.1 g尿素溶液并盖上盖子。
    2. 将前体溶液置于充满冰和水的浴超声仪(40kHz频率)中,并以全功率(?.......

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反应温度和时间对α-Ni(OH)合成的影响2
反应前,前驱体溶液[Ni(NO32·6H2O尿素,乙二醇和水]为透明绿色,pH值为4.41±0.10(图2A表1)。微波反应的温度(120°C或180°C)会影响溶液的原位反应压力和颜色(图2B-G图3)。对于120°C反?.......

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微波合成提供了一种生成Ni(OH)2的途径,与传统的水热方法(典型反应时间为4.5小时)相比,该途径明显更快(13-30分钟的反应时间)38。使用这种弱酸性微波合成途径生产超薄α-Ni(OH)2纳米片,观察到反应时间和温度会影响反应的pH值、产率、形貌、孔隙率和所得材料的结构。使用原位反应压力表,在两个120°C反应期间都会发生非常少量的压力积聚,?.......

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S.W.K. 和 C.P.R. 感谢海军研究办公室海军海底研究计划(批准号:N00014-21-1-2072)的支持。S.W.K. 感谢海军研究企业实习计划的支持。C.P.R和C.M.感谢美国国家科学基金会材料研究与教育伙伴关系(PREM)智能材料组装中心(第2122041号奖项)对反应条件分析的支持。

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
ATR-FTIRBrukerTensor II FT-IR spectrometer equipped with a Harrick Scientific SplitPea ATR micro-sampling accessory
Bath sonicatorFisher Scientific15-337-409--
Ethanol VWR analyticalAC61509-0040200 proof
Ethylene GlycolVWR analyticalBDH1125-4LP99% purity
Falcon Centrifuge tubesVWR analytical21008-94050 mL
KimWipesVWR analytical21905-026--
Lab Quest 2Vernier LABQ2--
Microwave ReactorAnton Parr165741Monowave 450
Ni(NO3)2 · 6 H2OWard's Science470301-856Research lab grade
pH ProbeVernier PH-BTACalibrated vs standard pH solutions (pH= 4, 7, 11)
PorosemeterMicromeritics --ASAP 2020. Analysis software: Micromeritics, version 4.03
Powder x-ray diffactometerBrukerAXS Advanced Poweder x-ray diffractometer; d-spacing, and crystallite size analyses were performed using Highscore XRD software, and crystal structures were created using VESTA 3 software.
Reaction vialAnton Parr8272330 mL G30 wideneck, 20 mL max fill capacity
Reaction vial locking lidAnton Parr161724G30 Snap Cap
Reaction vial PTFE septumAnton Parr161728Wideneck
Scanning electron microscopeFEI--Helios Nanolab 400
UreaVWR analyticalBDH4602-500GACS grade

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