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Chemistry

Effetto delle condizioni di sintesi a microonde sulla struttura dei nanofogli di idrossido di nichel

Published: August 18th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65412

1Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 3Westlake Highschool

I nanofogli di idrossido di nichel sono sintetizzati da una reazione idrotermale assistita da microonde. Questo protocollo dimostra che la temperatura e il tempo di reazione utilizzati per la sintesi a microonde influenzano la resa della reazione, la struttura cristallina e l'ambiente di coordinazione locale.

Viene presentato un protocollo per la sintesi idrotermale rapida e assistita da microonde di nanofogli di idrossido di nichel in condizioni leggermente acide e viene esaminato l'effetto della temperatura e del tempo di reazione sulla struttura del materiale. Tutte le condizioni di reazione studiate danno luogo ad aggregati di nanofogli stratificati di α-Ni(OH)2 . La temperatura e il tempo di reazione influenzano fortemente la struttura del materiale e la resa del prodotto. La sintesi di α-Ni(OH)2 a temperature più elevate aumenta la resa della reazione, riduce la spaziatura tra gli strati, aumenta la dimensione del dominio cristallino, sposta le frequenze dei modi vibrazionali degli anioni intercalari e abbassa il diametro dei pori. Tempi di reazione più lunghi aumentano la resa di reazione e si traducono in dimensioni del dominio cristallino simili. Il monitoraggio della pressione di reazione in situ mostra che si ottengono pressioni più elevate a temperature di reazione più elevate. Questo percorso di sintesi assistita da microonde fornisce un processo rapido, ad alto rendimento e scalabile che può essere applicato alla sintesi e alla produzione di una varietà di idrossidi di metalli di transizione utilizzati per numerose applicazioni di accumulo di energia, catalisi, sensori e altre applicazioni.

L'idrossido di nichel, Ni(OH)2, viene utilizzato per numerose applicazioni tra cui batterie al nichel-zinco e nichel-metallo idruro 1,2,3,4, celle a combustibile4, elettrolizzatori ad acqua 4,5,6,7,8,9, supercondensatori4, fotocatalizzatori 4, scambiatori anionici10

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NOTA: La panoramica schematica del processo di sintesi a microonde è presentata nella Figura 1.

1. Sintesi a microonde di nanofogli di α-Ni(OH)2

  1. Preparazione della soluzione precursore
    1. Preparare la soluzione precursore mescolando 15 mL di acqua ultrapura (≥18 MΩ-cm) e 105 mL di glicole etilenico. Aggiungere 5,0 g di Ni(NO3)2 · 6 H2O e 4,1 g di urea alla soluzione e al coperchio.

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Influenza della temperatura e del tempo di reazione sulla sintesi di α-Ni(OH)2
Prima della reazione, la soluzione precursore [Ni(NO3)2 · 6 H2O, urea, glicole etilenico e acqua] è di colore verde trasparente con un pH di 4,41 ± 0,10 (Figura 2A e Tabella 1). La temperatura della reazione a microonde (120 °C o 180 °C) influenza la pressione di reazione in situ e il colore della soluzione (

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La sintesi a microonde fornisce un percorso per generare Ni(OH)2 che è significativamente più veloce (tempo di reazione di 13-30 minuti) rispetto ai metodi idrotermali convenzionali (tempi di reazione tipici di 4,5 ore)38. Utilizzando questa via di sintesi a microonde leggermente acida per produrre nanofogli di α-Ni(OH)2 ultrasottili, si osserva che il tempo di reazione e la temperatura influenzano il pH, le rese, la morfologia, la porosità e la struttura dei materiali ri.......

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S.W.K. e C.P.R. ringraziano per il supporto dell'Office of Naval Research Navy Undersea Research Program (Grant No. N00014-21-1-2072). S.W.K. riconosce il supporto del Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program. C.P.R e C.M. riconoscono il supporto del National Science Foundation Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials (PREM) Center for Intelligent Materials Assembly, Award No. 2122041, per l'analisi delle condizioni di reazione.

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
ATR-FTIRBrukerTensor II FT-IR spectrometer equipped with a Harrick Scientific SplitPea ATR micro-sampling accessory
Bath sonicatorFisher Scientific15-337-409--
Ethanol VWR analyticalAC61509-0040200 proof
Ethylene GlycolVWR analyticalBDH1125-4LP99% purity
Falcon Centrifuge tubesVWR analytical21008-94050 mL
KimWipesVWR analytical21905-026--
Lab Quest 2Vernier LABQ2--
Microwave ReactorAnton Parr165741Monowave 450
Ni(NO3)2 · 6 H2OWard's Science470301-856Research lab grade
pH ProbeVernier PH-BTACalibrated vs standard pH solutions (pH= 4, 7, 11)
PorosemeterMicromeritics --ASAP 2020. Analysis software: Micromeritics, version 4.03
Powder x-ray diffactometerBrukerAXS Advanced Poweder x-ray diffractometer; d-spacing, and crystallite size analyses were performed using Highscore XRD software, and crystal structures were created using VESTA 3 software.
Reaction vialAnton Parr8272330 mL G30 wideneck, 20 mL max fill capacity
Reaction vial locking lidAnton Parr161724G30 Snap Cap
Reaction vial PTFE septumAnton Parr161728Wideneck
Scanning electron microscopeFEI--Helios Nanolab 400
UreaVWR analyticalBDH4602-500GACS grade

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