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Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Neuroscience

En naturalistisk opsætning til præsentation af virkelige mennesker og live handlinger i eksperimentel psykologi og kognitive neurovidenskabsstudier

Published: August 4th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65436

1Department of Cognitive Science, Middle East Technical University, 2Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, 3Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 4Department of Cognitive Science, Jagiellonian University, 5Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University

Denne undersøgelse præsenterer en naturalistisk eksperimentel opsætning, der giver forskere mulighed for at præsentere handlingsstimuli i realtid, få responstid og musesporingsdata, mens deltagerne reagerer efter hver stimulusvisning og skifte aktører mellem eksperimentelle forhold med et unikt system, herunder en speciel gennemsigtig organisk lysdiode (OLED) skærm og lysmanipulation.

Opfattelse af andres handlinger er afgørende for overlevelse, interaktion og kommunikation. På trods af årtiers kognitiv neurovidenskabelig forskning dedikeret til at forstå opfattelsen af handlinger, er vi stadig langt væk fra at udvikle et neuralt inspireret computervisionssystem, der nærmer sig menneskelig handlingsopfattelse. En stor udfordring er, at handlinger i den virkelige verden består af tidsmæssigt udfoldede begivenheder i rummet, der sker "her og nu" og er handlingsbare. I modsætning hertil har visuel opfattelse og kognitiv neurovidenskabelig forskning til dato stort set studeret handlingsopfattelse gennem 2D-skærme (f.eks. Billeder eller videoer), der mangler tilstedeværelsen af aktører i rum og tid, hvorfor disse skærme er begrænsede i at give aktabilitet. På trods af den voksende mængde viden på området skal disse udfordringer overvindes for en bedre forståelse af de grundlæggende mekanismer i opfattelsen af andres handlinger i den virkelige verden. Formålet med denne undersøgelse er at introducere en ny opsætning til at udføre naturalistiske laboratorieeksperimenter med levende aktører i scenarier, der nærmer sig virkelige omgivelser. Kerneelementet i opsætningen, der anvendes i denne undersøgelse, er en gennemsigtig organisk lysdiode (OLED) skærm, hvorigennem deltagerne kan se live handlinger fra en fysisk tilstedeværende skuespiller, mens timingen af deres præsentation styres præcist. I dette arbejde blev denne opsætning testet i et adfærdseksperiment. Vi mener, at opsætningen vil hjælpe forskere med at afsløre grundlæggende og tidligere utilgængelige kognitive og neurale mekanismer for handlingsopfattelse og vil være et fundament for fremtidige undersøgelser, der undersøger social opfattelse og kognition i naturalistiske omgivelser.

En grundlæggende færdighed for overlevelse og social interaktion er evnen til at opfatte og give mening om andres handlinger og interagere med dem i det omgivende miljø. Tidligere forskning i de sidste mange årtier har ydet betydelige bidrag til forståelsen af de grundlæggende principper for, hvordan enkeltpersoner opfatter og forstår andres handlinger 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

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De eksperimentelle protokoller i denne undersøgelse blev godkendt af den etiske komité for forskning med menneskelige deltagere ved Bilkent University. Alle deltagere inkluderet i undersøgelsen var over 18 år gamle, og de læste og underskrev den informerede samtykkeformular, før de startede undersøgelsen.

1. Generelle designtrin

BEMÆRK: Figur 1A (set ovenfra) og figur 1B og figur 1C (.......

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Sammenligning af svartider (RT)
Den aktuelle undersøgelse er et igangværende projekt, så som repræsentative resultater præsenteres data fra hoveddelen af eksperimentet (eksperiment del 3). Disse data er fra 40 deltagere, herunder 23 kvinder og 17 mænd, i alderen fra 18-28 år (M = 22,75, SD = 3,12).

Det var nødvendigt at undersøge normaliteten af fordelingen af de afhængige variabler for at kunne vælge den passende statistiske metode til analyser.......

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Det overordnede mål med denne undersøgelse er at bidrage til vores forståelse af, hvordan menneskelig visuel opfattelse og kognition på højt niveau fungerer i virkelige situationer. Denne undersøgelse fokuserede på handlingsopfattelse og foreslog et naturalistisk, men kontrollerbart eksperimentelt paradigme, der gør det muligt for forskere at teste, hvordan enkeltpersoner opfatter og evaluerer andres handlinger ved at præsentere virkelige aktører i en laboratorieindstilling.

Denne fo.......

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Dette arbejde blev støttet af tilskud til Burcu A. Urgen fra The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (projektnummer: 120K913) og Bilkent University. Vi takker vores pilotdeltager Sena Er Elmas for at bringe ideen om at tilføje baggrundsstøj mellem skuespillerændringerne, Süleyman Akı for at oprette lyskredsløbet og Tuvana Karaduman for ideen om at bruge et sikkerhedskamera backstage og hendes bidrag som en af aktørerne i undersøgelsen.

....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Adjustable Height TableCustom-madeN/AWidth: 60 cm, Height: 62 cm, Depth: 40 cm
Ardunio UNO Smart ProjectsA000066Microcontroller used for switching the state of the LEDs from the script running on the operator PC
Black PantsNo brandN/ARelaxed-fit pants of actors with no apparent brand name or logo.
CaseXigmatekEN43224XIGMATEK HELIOS RAINBOW LED USB 3.0 MidT ATX GAMING CASE
CPUAMDYD1600BBAFBOXAMD Ryzen 5 1600 Soket AM4 3.2 GHz - 3.6 GHz 16 MB 65 W 12 nm Processor
CurtainsCustom-madeN/AWidth: Part 1: 110 cm width from the wall (left) side, Part 2: 123 cm width above OLED display, Part 3: 170 cm from OLED display to right side, Cabin depth: 100 cm, Inside cabin depth: 100 cm, all heights 230 cm except for Part 2 (75 cm height)
Experimenter Adjustable/Swivel ChairNo brandN/AAny brand
Experimenter TableCustomN/AWidth: 160 cm, Height: 75 cm, Depth: 80 cm
GPUMSIGT 1030 2GHD4 LP OCMSI GEFORCE GT 1030 2GHD4 LP OC 2GB DDR4 64bit NVIDIA GPU
Grey-color blackout curtainCustom-madeN/AWidth: 330 cm, Height: 230 cm, used for covering the background
Hard DiskKioxiaLTC10Z240GG8Kioxia 240 GB Exceria Sata 3.0 SSD (555 MB Read/540 MB Write)
Hard DiskToshibaHDWK105UZSVAToshiba 2,5'' 500 GB L200 SATA 3.0 8 MB Cache 5400 Rpm 7 mm Harddisk
High-Power MOSFET ModuleN/AN/AHeating Controller MKS MOSFET Module
LaptopAppleS/N: C02P916ZG3QTMacBook Pro 11.1 Intel Core i7 (Used as the actor PC)
LaptopAsus UX410UUsed for monitoring the security camera in real-time.
LED lightsNo brandN/A
LED Strip Power SupplyNo brandN/AAC to DC voltage converter used for supplying DC voltage to the lighting circuit
MATLAB The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USAVersion: R2022aUsed for programming the experiment.

Required Toolboxes:
MATLAB Support Package for Arduino Hardware (version 22.1.2)
Instrument Control Toolbox (version 4.6)
Psychtoolbox (version 3)
MonitorPhilipsUHB2051005145 Model ID: 242V8A/00, PHILIPS 23.8" 242V8A 4ms 75 Hz Freesync DP-HDMI+VGA IPS Gaming Monitor 
MotherboardMSIB450M-A PRO MAXMSI B450M-A PRO MAX Amd B450 Socket AM4 DDR4 3466(OC) M.2 Motherboard
Mouse Pad for participantMonster 78185721101502042 / 8699266781857Pusat Gaming Mouse Pad XL
Night lampAukesES620-0.5W 6500K-IP 20Used for helping the actors see around when the lights are off in the backstage.
Participant Adjustable/Swivel ChairNo brandN/A
Participant TableIKEASandsberg 294.203.93Width: 110 cm, Height: 75 cm, Depth: 67 cm
Power Extension CableViko9011760Y250 V (6 inlets) Black
Power Extension CableViko9011730Y250 V (3 inlets) Black
Power Extension CableViko9011330Y250 V (3 inlets) White
Power Extension Cables-link Model No: SPG3-J-10AC - 250 V 3 meter (5 inlets)
Power SupplyTHERMALTAKEPS-LTP-0550NHSANE-1THERMALTAKE LITEPOWER RGB 550W APFC 12 cm FAN PSU
Professional Gaming MouseRampage8680096Model No: SMX-R50 
RAMGSKILLF4-3000C16S-8GVRBGSKILL 8GB (1x8GB) RipjawsV Red DDR4 3000 MHz CL16 1.35 V Single Ram
Reception bellNo brandN/AUsed for helping the communication between the experimenter and the actors.
Security CameraBrion Vega2-20204210Model:BV6000
SpeakersLogitechP/N: 880-000-405 PID: WD528XMUsed for playing the background music.
Survey SoftwareQualtrics N/A
Switching ModuleNo brandN/AF5305S PMOS Switch Module
Table under the OLED displayCustom-madeN/AWidth: 123 cm, Height: 75 cm, Depth: 50 cm
Transparent OLED DisplayPlanarPN: 998-1483-01 S/N:195210075A 55-inch transparent display that showcases dynamic information, enabled the opaque and transparent usage during the experiment.
UPSEAGK200610100087EAG 110
UPSEAG210312030507EAG 103
USB 2.0 Cable Type A/B for Arduino UNO (Blue)Smart ProjectsM000006 Used to connect the microcontroller to the experimenter PC.
USB to RS232 Converter s-link8680096082559Model: SW-U610
White Long-Sleeved Blouse (2)H&M (cotton)N/ARelaxed-fit blouses with a round neckline and without ant apparent brand name or logo.
Wireless KeyboardLogitechP/N: 820-003488 S/N: 1719CE0856D8Model: K360
Wireless MouseLogitechS/N: 2147LZ96BGQ9Model: M190 (Used as the response device)

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