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Biochemistry

基于化学亲和力的生物流体细胞外囊泡分离用于蛋白质组学和磷酸化蛋白质组学分析

Published: October 27th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65844

1Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 2Tymora Analytical Operations, 3Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 4Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University

本方案为利用功能化磁珠有效分离尿细胞外囊泡提供了详细的描述。此外,它还包括后续分析,包括蛋白质印迹、蛋白质组学和磷酸化蛋白质组学。

来自生物流体的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 最近在液体活检领域引起了极大的关注。它们由几乎所有类型的细胞释放,提供宿主细胞的实时快照,并包含丰富的分子信息,包括蛋白质,特别是那些具有翻译后修饰 (PTM) 的蛋白质,如磷酸化,作为细胞功能和疾病发生和进展的主要参与者。然而,由于当前 EV 分离方法的产量和杂质低,从生物流体中分离 EV 仍然具有挑战性,这使得 EV 货物(如 EV 磷蛋白)的下游分析变得困难。在这里,我们描述了一种基于功能化磁珠的快速有效的 EV 分离方法,用于从生物流体(如人尿液)中分离 EV 和 EV 分离后的下游蛋白质组学和磷酸化蛋白质组学分析。该方案实现了尿 EV 的高回收率以及 EV 蛋白质组和磷酸化蛋白质组的敏感谱。此外,本文还讨论了该协议的多功能性和相关技术考虑因素。

细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是由所有类型的细胞分泌的膜包膜纳米颗粒,存在于血液、尿液、唾液等生物流体1,2,3,4。EV 携带多种生物活性分子,这些分子反映了宿主细胞的生理和病理状态,因此是疾病进展的关键因素 4,5,6此外,广泛的研究已经确定,基于 EV 的疾病标志物可以在症状出现或肿瘤生理检测之前被识别出来 5,6,7

磷酸化是细胞信号传导和调节的关键机制。因此,磷蛋白为生物标志物的发现提供了有价值的来源,因为异常的磷酸化事件与失调的细胞信号通路和转移性疾病的发展(如癌症)有关8,9,10。

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所有尿液样本均在知情同意后从健康个体中收集。这些实验符合涉及人体样本的所有伦理标准,并符合普渡大学人类研究保护计划的指导方针。

1. 样品采集

  1. 在2,500× g,4°C下将12mL尿液样品在15mL锥形离心管中离心10分钟,以除去细胞碎片和大凋亡体。
  2. 将 10 mL 上清液转移到新的 15 mL 试管中,然后进行 EV 分离。
    注意:方案可以在这里暂停,?.......

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该协议展示了从EV分离到下游蛋白质组学和磷酸化蛋白质组学分析的综合工作流程(图1)。对一式三份的尿液样本进行EV分离。分离的 EV 通过蛋白质印迹进行表征,随后进行基于质谱的蛋白质组学样品制备,包括蛋白质提取、酶消化和肽纯化。对于磷酸化蛋白质组学分析,基于金属离子功能化的可溶性纳米聚合物进一步富集了磷酸肽。多肽和磷酸肽样品均在数据无关模式下?.......

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有效的EV分离是检测EV中低丰度蛋白质和磷蛋白的重要先决条件。尽管开发了许多方法来满足这一需求,但大多数方法仍然存在局限性,例如恢复率差或可重复性低,这阻碍了它们在大规模研究和常规临床环境中的使用。DUC 通常被认为是最常见的 EV 隔离方法,通常应用额外的洗涤步骤来帮助提高目标 EV 的纯度27,28。此过程会导致更繁琐和耗时的 DUC 过程.......

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这项工作部分由 NIH 赠款 3RF1AG064250 和 R44CA239845资助。

....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubeLife Science ProductsM-1700C-LB
1.5 mL tube magnetic separator rackSergi Lab Supplies1005
15 mL conical centrifuge tubeCorning 352097
15 mL tube magnetic separator rackSergi Lab Supplies1002
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked AntibodyCell Signaling Technology7074P2
Benchtop incubated shakerBioerDIS-87999-3367802Bioer Thermocell Mixing Block MB-101
CD9 (D3H4P) Rabbit mAbCell Signaling Technology13403S
ChloroacetamideSigma -AldrichC0267-100GUsed for alkylation of reduced sulfide groups. Freshly prepare 400 mM in water as stock solution.
Ethyl acetate Fisher Scientific E145-4Precipitates detergents
Evosep One EvosepLiquid chromatography system
EvotipsEvosepEV2013Sample loading for Evosep One system 
EVtrapTymora AnalyticalFunctionalized magnetic beads, loading buffer, and washing buffer 
Immobilon-FL PVDF MembraneSigma -AldrichIPFL00010Blotting membrane 
NuPAGE 4-12% Bis-Tris GelInvitrogenNP0322BOXInvitrogen NuPAGE 4 to 12%, Bis-Tris, 1.0 mm, Mini Protein Gel, 12-well
NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer (4X)InvitrogenNP0007
PBSThermoFisher10010023
Pepsep C18 15 x 75 x 1.9Bruker 1893473Separation column 
Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 2Sigma -AldrichP5726-5ML100X, Phosphotase inhibitor.
Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 3Sigma -AldrichP0044-1ML100X,  Phosphotase inhibitor. 
Pierce BCA Protein Assay KitThermoFisher23225
Pierce ECL Western Blotting SubstrateThermoFisher32106HRP substrate 
PolyMAC phosphopeptide enrichment kitTymora AnalyticalPolymer-based metal ion affinity capture (PolyMAC) for phosphopeptide enrichment
Sodium deoxycholate Sigma -AldrichD6750-10GDetergent for lysis buffer. Prepare 120 mM in water as stock solution.
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Sigma -AldrichL9150-50GDetergent for lysis buffer. Prepare 120 mM in water as stock solution.
timsTOF HTBrukerTrapped ion-mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry
TopTip C-18 (10-200 μL) tips GlygenTT2C18.96Desalting method
TriethylamineSigma -Aldrich471283-100MLFor EV elution. 
Triethylammonium bicabonate bufferSigma -AldrichT7408-100ML1 M
Trifluoroacetic acidSigma -Aldrich302031-100ML
Tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochlorideSigma -AldrichC4706Used for reducion of disulfide bonds. Prepare 200 mM in water as stock solution. Aliquot the stock solution into small volume and store it in at-20°C (avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles).
Trypsin/Lys-C MIXThermoFisherPIA41007

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