genome-wide-protein-protein-interaction-screening-protein-fragment

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Proteins are the building blocks, effectors and signal mediators of cellular processes. A protein&#8217;s function, regulation and localization often ...

Université Laval

To compare paroxetine with placebo and other antidepressants across multiple efficacy and tolerability outcomes.

Paroxetine versus placebo and other agents for depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

2001 &#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x52A0;&#x62FF;&#x5927;&#x7CBE;&#x795E;&#x75C5;&#x5B66;&#x534F;&#x4F1A;&#x52A0;&#x62FF;&#x5927;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x7EEA;&#x4E0E;&#x7126;&#x8651;&#x7684;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5; (CANMAT) &#x5408;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x6291;&#x90C1;&#x969C;&#x788D;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x5FAA;&#x8BC1;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x6307;&#x5357;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6307;&#x5357;&#x7684;&#x4FEE;&#x8BA2;&#x7531; CANMAT &#x5728; 2008&#x5E74;-2009 &#x5E74;&#x5F00;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CD;&#x6620;&#x8BE5;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x8FDB;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x6709;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x548C;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x533B;&#x5B66; (CAM) &#x7597;&#x6CD5;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x6291;&#x90C1;&#x75C7; &#xFF08;MDD&#xFF09; &#x7684;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x5174;&#x8DA3;&#x3002;

&#x52A0;&#x62FF;&#x5927;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x60C5;&#x7EEA;&#x548C;&#x7126;&#x8651;&#x7684;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5; (CANMAT) &#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x6291;&#x90C1;&#x75C7;&#x6210;&#x4EBA;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x51C6;&#x5219;&#x3002;&#x4E94;.&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x548C;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x533B;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;

In 2001, the Canadian Psychiatric Association and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) partnered to produce evidence-based clinical guidelines for the treatment of depressive disorders. A revision of these guidelines was undertaken by CANMAT in 2008-2009 to reflect advances in the field. There is widespread interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. V. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments.

En 2001, l&#39;Association des psychiatres du Canada et le r&eacute;seau canadien pour l&#39;humeur et l&#39;anxi&eacute;t&eacute; des traitements (CANMAT) en partenariat pour produire des lignes directrices cliniques fond&eacute;es sur des preuves pour le traitement des troubles d&eacute;pressifs. CANMAT a entrepris une r&eacute;vision de ces directives en 2008-2009 afin de tenir compte des avanc&eacute;es dans le domaine. Il y a un int&eacute;r&ecirc;t g&eacute;n&eacute;ralis&eacute; dans les th&eacute;rapies de la m&eacute;decine compl&eacute;mentaire et alternative (CAM) dans le traitement du trouble d&eacute;pressif majeur (TDM).

R&eacute;seau canadien pour l&#39;humeur et la clinique de l&#39;anxi&eacute;t&eacute; des traitements (CANMAT) directives pour la gestion du trouble d&eacute;pressif majeur chez l&#39;adulte. Traitements V. Complementary and alternative medicine.

Im Jahr 2001 eine Partnerschaft der Canadian Psychiatric Association und der Canadian Network f&uuml;r Stimmung und Angst Behandlungen (CANMAT) um evidenzbasierte klinische Leitlinien zur Behandlung von depressiven St&ouml;rungen zu produzieren. Eine Revision dieser Leitlinien wurde durch CANMAT 2008-2009 durchgef&uuml;hrt, um Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet Rechnung zu tragen. Es gibt weit verbreitete Interesse an komplement&auml;r- und Alternativmedizin (CAM) Therapien bei der Behandlung der major Depression (MDD).

Canadian Network f&uuml;r Stimmung und Angst Behandlungen (CANMAT) klinische Leitlinien f&uuml;r die Verwaltung der major Depression bei Erwachsenen. V. erg&auml;nzende und Alternative Medizin-Behandlungen.

Nel 2001, il Canadian Psychiatric Association e la rete canadese per umore e ansia trattamenti (CANMAT) ha collaborato per produrre linee guida cliniche basate sull&#39;evidenza per il trattamento dei disturbi depressivi. Una revisione di queste linee guida &egrave; stato intrapreso da CANMAT nel 2008-2009 per riflettere i progressi nel campo. C&#39;&egrave; un interesse diffuso nelle terapie di medicina alternativa e complementare (CAM) nel trattamento del disturbo depressivo maggiore (MDD).

Rete canadese per umore e ansia trattamenti (CANMAT) clinico le linee guida per la gestione del disturbo depressivo maggiore negli adulti. Trattamenti di medicina alternativa e complementare di V..

2001 &#x5E74;&#x3001;&#x30AB;&#x30CA;&#x30C0;&#x306E;&#x7CBE;&#x795E;&#x533B;&#x5B66;&#x4F1A;&#x3068;&#x6C17;&#x5206;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x4E0D;&#x5B89;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642; (CANMAT) &#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x30AB;&#x30CA;&#x30C0; &#x30CD;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x30EF;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x6291;&#x3046;&#x3064;&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x30A8;&#x30D3;&#x30C7;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x306B;&#x57FA;&#x3065;&#x304F;&#x8A3A;&#x7642;&#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x3092;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x63D0;&#x643A;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x6539;&#x6B63;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066; CANMAT 2008-2009 &#x306E;&#x5206;&#x91CE;&#x3067;&#x306E;&#x9032;&#x6B69;&#x3092;&#x53CD;&#x6620;&#x3092;&#x5B9F;&#x65BD;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x5927;&#x9B31;&#x75C5;&#x6027;&#x969C;&#x5BB3; &#xFF08;MDD&#xFF09; &#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x306E;&#x88DC;&#x5B8C;&#x4EE3;&#x66FF;&#x533B;&#x7642; &#xFF08;CAM&#xFF09; &#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x3067;&#x5E83;&#x7BC4;&#x306A;&#x95A2;&#x5FC3;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x6210;&#x4EBA;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x5927;&#x9B31;&#x75C5;&#x6027;&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x306E;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x6C17;&#x5206;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x4E0D;&#x5B89;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642; (CANMAT) &#x306E;&#x81E8;&#x5E8A;&#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x30AB;&#x30CA;&#x30C0; &#x30CD;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x30EF;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x3002;V. &#x88DC;&#x5B8C;&#x533B;&#x7642;&#x3068;&#x4EE3;&#x66FF;&#x533B;&#x5B66;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;

2001 &#xB144;, &#xCE90;&#xB098;&#xB2E4; &#xC815;&#xC2E0;&#xACFC; &#xD611;&#xD68C;&#xC640; &#xAE30;&#xBD84;&#xACFC; &#xBD88;&#xC548; &#xD2B8;&#xB9AC; &#xD2B8; &#xBA3C; &#xD2B8; (CANMAT)&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCE90;&#xB098;&#xB2E4; &#xB124;&#xD2B8;&#xC6CC;&#xD06C; &#xC6B0;&#xC6B8;&#xC99D; &#xC7A5;&#xC560;&#xC758; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC;&#xB97C; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xC784;&#xC0C1; &#xC9C0;&#xCE68; &#xADFC;&#xAC70; &#xC0DD;&#xC0B0; &#xC81C;&#xD734;. &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC9C0;&#xCE68;&#xC758; &#xAC1C;&#xC815; &#xBD84;&#xC57C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBC1C;&#xC804;&#xC744; &#xBC18;&#xC601; &#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; 2008-2009 &#xB144;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; CANMAT&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xCC29;&#xC218; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xBCF4;&#xC644; &#xBC0F; &#xB300;&#xCCB4; &#xC758;&#xD559; (CAM) &#xC694;&#xBC95; (MDD) &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xC6B0;&#xC6B8;&#xC99D; &#xC7A5;&#xC560;&#xC758; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC;&#xC5D0; &#xAD11;&#xBC94;&#xC704; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xAD00;&#xC2EC;&#xC774; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;.

&#xC131;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xC6B0;&#xC6B8;&#xC99D; &#xC7A5;&#xC560;&#xC758; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xAE30;&#xBD84;&#xACFC; &#xBD88;&#xC548; &#xD2B8;&#xB9AC; &#xD2B8; &#xBA3C; &#xD2B8; (CANMAT) &#xC784;&#xC0C1; &#xC9C0;&#xCE68;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCE90;&#xB098;&#xB2E4; &#xB124;&#xD2B8;&#xC6CC;&#xD06C;. V. &#xBCF4;&#xC644; &#xBC0F; &#xB300;&#xCCB4; &#xC758;&#xD559; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

En 2001, la Asociaci&oacute;n psiqui&aacute;trica canadiense y la red canadiense de humor y tratamientos de la ansiedad (CANMAT) se asociaron para producir las gu&iacute;as cl&iacute;nicas basadas en evidencia para el tratamiento de los trastornos depresivos. Una revisi&oacute;n de las presentes directrices fue realizada por CANMAT en 2008-2009 para reflejar los avances en el campo. Hay un gran inter&eacute;s en terapias de medicina complementaria y alternativa (CAM) en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor (MDD).

Red Canadiense para el estado de &aacute;nimo y cl&iacute;nicos de tratamientos de la ansiedad (CANMAT) directrices para el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor en adultos. Tratamientos de medicina alternativa y complementaria V..

Disturbo depressivo maggiore (MDD) &egrave; una delle malattie pi&ugrave; onerose in Canada. Lo scopo di questa sezione introduttiva degli orientamenti CANMAT riveduti 2009 &egrave; quello di fornire le definizioni dei disturbi depressivi (con l&#39;accento sulla MDD), riepilogare i dati canadesi riguardo loro epidemiologia e descrivere i principi generali di gestione di queste condizioni. In questa sezione su &quot;Classificazione, onere e principi di gestione&quot; &egrave; uno dei 5 articoli di orientamento negli orientamenti CANMAT 2009.

Rete canadese per umore e ansia trattamenti (CANMAT) linee guida cliniche per la gestione del disturbo depressivo maggiore negli adulti. I. classificazione, onere e principi di gestione.

&#x6291;&#x90C1;&#x75C7; &#xFF08;MDD&#xFF09; &#x662F;&#x5728;&#x52A0;&#x62FF;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x6C89;&#x91CD;&#x7684;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x7684;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x3002;&#x672C;&#x8282;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD; 2009&#x5E74;&#x7ECF;&#x4FEE;&#x8BA2;&#x7684; CANMAT &#x51C6;&#x5219;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B; &#xFF08;&#x628A;&#x91CD;&#x70B9;&#x653E;&#x5728; MDD&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6291;&#x90C1;&#x75C7;&#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x6C47;&#x603B;&#x52A0;&#x62FF;&#x5927;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x5176;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x75C5;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x9996;&#x8981;&#x539F;&#x5219;&#x3002;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&quot;&#x5206;&#x7C7B;&#x3001; &#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x5219;&quot;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x662F; 2009 CANMAT &#x51C6;&#x5219; 5 &#x51C6;&#x5219;&#x6761;&#x6B3E;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x3002;

&#x52A0;&#x62FF;&#x5927;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x6210;&#x4EBA;&#x6291;&#x90C1;&#x75C7;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x7EEA;&#x548C;&#x7126;&#x8651;&#x7684;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5; (CANMAT) &#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x6307;&#x5F15;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x3001; &#x5206;&#x7C7B;&#x3001; &#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x5219;&#x3002;

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most burdensome illnesses in Canada. The purpose of this introductory section of the 2009 revised CANMAT guidelines is to provide definitions of the depressive disorders (with an emphasis on MDD), summarize Canadian data concerning their epidemiology and describe overarching principles of managing these conditions. This section on "Classification, Burden and Principles of Management" is one of 5 guideline articles in the 2009 CANMAT guidelines.

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. I. Classification, burden and principles of management.

Trouble d&eacute;pressif majeur (TDM) est une des maladies plus lourdes au Canada. Le but de cette partie introductive des directives r&eacute;vis&eacute;es 2009 CANMAT doit fournir des d&eacute;finitions des troubles d&eacute;pressifs (avec un accent sur la MDD), r&eacute;sument les donn&eacute;es canadiennes concernant leur &eacute;pid&eacute;miologie et d&eacute;crire les principes fondamentaux de la gestion de ces conditions. Cette section sur la &laquo; Classification, fardeau et principes de gestion &raquo; est l&#39;un des cinq articles de la directive dans les directives CANMAT 2009.

R&eacute;seau canadien pour l&#39;humeur et l&#39;anxi&eacute;t&eacute; des traitements (CANMAT) Guide de pratique clinique pour la gestion du trouble d&eacute;pressif majeur chez l&#39;adulte. I. classification, fardeau et principes de gestion.

Major Depression (MDD) ist eine der am meisten belastenden Erkrankungen in Kanada. Der Zweck dieses einleitenden Teils von den 2009 &uuml;berarbeiteten CANMAT-Leitlinien soll bieten Definitionen der depressiven Erkrankungen (mit einem Schwerpunkt auf MDD), kanadische Daten bez&uuml;glich ihrer Epidemiologie zusammenfassen und &uuml;bergreifende Grunds&auml;tze f&uuml;r die Verwaltung dieser Bedingungen zu beschreiben. In diesem Abschnitt auf &quot;Klassifikation, Belastung und Grunds&auml;tze des Managements&quot; ist einer der 5 Leitlinie-Artikel in den CANMAT-Leitlinien 2009.

Canadian Network f&uuml;r Stimmung und Angst Behandlungen (CANMAT) klinische Leitlinien f&uuml;r die Verwaltung der major Depression bei Erwachsenen. I. Klassifikation, Belastung und Grunds&auml;tze des Managements.

&#x5927;&#x9B31;&#x75C5;&#x6027;&#x969C;&#x5BB3; &#xFF08;MDD&#xFF09; &#x306F;&#x3001;&#x30AB;&#x30CA;&#x30C0;&#x3067;&#x6700;&#x3082;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x306E;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x306E;&#x4E00;&#x3064;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;2009 &#x6539;&#x8A02; CANMAT &#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x5C0E;&#x5165;&#x30BB;&#x30AF;&#x30B7;&#x30E7;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#xFF08;&#x91CD;&#x70B9;&#x3092; MDD&#xFF09;&#x3001;&#x6291;&#x3046;&#x3064;&#x75BE;&#x60A3;&#x306E;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x75AB;&#x5B66;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x30AB;&#x30CA;&#x30C0;&#x306E;&#x30C7;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x3092;&#x8981;&#x7D04;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x3092;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x539F;&#x5247;&#x3092;&#x8A18;&#x8FF0;&#x3092;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x30BB;&#x30AF;&#x30B7;&#x30E7;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x300C;&#x5206;&#x985E;&#x3001;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x3068;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x306E;&#x539F;&#x5247;&#x300D;5 &#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x8A18;&#x4E8B; 2009 CANMAT &#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x306E; 1 &#x3064;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x6C17;&#x5206;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x4E0D;&#x5B89;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642; (CANMAT) &#x306E;&#x81E8;&#x5E8A;&#x30AC;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x5927;&#x4EBA;&#x306E;&#x5927;&#x9B31;&#x75C5;&#x6027;&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x306E;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x30AB;&#x30CA;&#x30C0; &#x30CD;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x30EF;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x3002;I. &#x5206;&#x985E;&#x3001;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x306E;&#x539F;&#x5247;&#x3002;

&#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xC6B0;&#xC6B8;&#xC99D; &#xC7A5;&#xC560; (MDD)&#xB294; &#xCE90;&#xB098;&#xB2E4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xAC00;&#xC7A5; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4;&#xC774; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xC911; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. 2009 &#xAC1C;&#xC815;&#xB41C; CANMAT &#xC9C0;&#xCE68;&#xC758; &#xC18C;&#xAC1C;&#xC774; &#xC139;&#xC158;&#xC758; &#xBAA9;&#xC801;&#xC740; (&#xC640; MDD&#xC5D0; &#xC911;&#xC810;), &#xC6B0;&#xC6B8;&#xC99D; &#xC7A5;&#xC560;&#xC758; &#xC815;&#xC758; &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC758; &#xC5ED;&#xD559;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCE90;&#xB098;&#xB2E4; &#xB370;&#xC774;&#xD130;&#xB97C; &#xC694;&#xC57D; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC870;&#xAC74; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC;&#xC758; &#xC9C0;&#xBC30;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC6D0;&#xB9AC; &#xC124;&#xBA85; &#xC81C;&#xACF5;. &#xC774; &#xC139;&#xC158;&#xC5D0; &quot;&#xBD84;&#xB958;, &#xBD80;&#xB2F4; &#xBC0F; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC;&#xC758; &#xC6D0;&#xCE59;&quot; 2009 CANMAT &#xC9C0;&#xCE68;&#xC5D0; 5 &#xC9C0;&#xCE68; &#xAE30;&#xC0AC; &#xC911; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

&#xC131;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xC6B0;&#xC6B8;&#xC99D; &#xC7A5;&#xC560;&#xC758; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xAE30;&#xBD84;&#xACFC; &#xBD88;&#xC548; &#xD2B8;&#xB9AC; &#xD2B8; &#xBA3C; &#xD2B8; (CANMAT) &#xC784;&#xC0C1; &#xC9C0;&#xCE68;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCE90;&#xB098;&#xB2E4; &#xB124;&#xD2B8;&#xC6CC;&#xD06C;. I. &#xBD84;&#xB958;, &#xBD80;&#xB2F4; &#xBC0F; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC;&#xC758; &#xC6D0;&#xCE59;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Trastorno depresivo mayor (MDD) es una de las enfermedades m&aacute;s gravosas en Canad&aacute;. El prop&oacute;sito de esta secci&oacute;n introductoria de las directrices revisadas de CANMAT 2009 debe proporcionar las definiciones de los trastornos depresivos (con &eacute;nfasis en MDD), resumir datos canadienses sobre su Epidemiolog&iacute;a y describir los principios generales de la administraci&oacute;n de estas condiciones. Esta secci&oacute;n &quot;Clasificaci&oacute;n, carga y principios de gesti&oacute;n&quot; es uno de 5 art&iacute;culos de la pauta en las directrices CANMAT 2009.

Red Canadiense para el estado de &aacute;nimo y ansiedad tratamientos (CANMAT) de las gu&iacute;as cl&iacute;nicas para el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor en adultos. I. clasificaci&oacute;n, carga y principios de la gesti&oacute;n.

An arbitrary primed community PCR fingerprinting technique based on capillary electrophoresis was developed to study maple sap microbial community characteristics among 19 production sites in Québec over the tapping season. Presumptive fragment identification was made with corresponding fingerprint profiles of bacterial isolate cultures. Maple sap microbial communities were subsequently compared using a representative subset of 13 16S rRNA gene clone libraries followed by gene sequence analysis. Results from both methods indicated that all maple sap production sites and flow periods shared common microbiota members, but distinctive features also existed. Changes over the season in relative abundance of predominant populations showed evidence of a common pattern. Pseudomonas (64%) and Rahnella (8%) were the most abundantly and frequently represented genera of the 2239 sequences analyzed. Janthinobacterium, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Weissella, Epilithonimonas and Sphingomonas were revealed as occasional contaminants in maple sap. Maple sap microbiota showed a low level of deep diversity along with a high variation of similar 16S rRNA gene sequences within the Pseudomonas genus. Predominance of Pseudomonas is suggested as a typical feature of maple sap microbiota across geographical regions, production sites, and sap flow periods.

Seasonal and regional diversity of maple sap microbiota revealed using community PCR fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries.

During collection, maple sap is contaminated by bacteria and fungi that subsequently colonize the tubing system. The bacterial microbiota has been more characterized than the fungal microbiota, but the impact of both components on maple sap quality remains unclear. This study focused on identifying bacterial and fungal members of maple sap and correlating microbiota composition with maple sap properties. A multiplex automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (MARISA) method was developed to presumptively identify bacterial and fungal members of maple sap samples collected from 19 production sites during the tapping period. Results indicate that the fungal community of maple sap is mainly composed of yeast related to Mrakia sp., Mrakiella sp., Guehomyces pullulans, Cryptococcus victoriae and Williopsis saturnus. Mrakia, Mrakiella and Guehomyces peaks were identified in samples of all production sites and can be considered dominant and stable members of the fungal microbiota of maple sap. A multivariate analysis based on MARISA profiles and maple sap chemical composition data showed correlations between Candida sake, Janthinobacterium lividum, Williopsis sp., Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Mrakia sp., Rhodococcus sp., Pseudomonas tolaasii, G. pullulans and maple sap composition at different flow periods. This study provides new insights on the relationship between microbial community and maple sap quality.

Correlation of maple sap composition with bacterial and fungal communities determined by multiplex automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (MARISA).

Maple sap processing and microbial contamination are significant aspects that affect maple syrup quality. In this study, two sample sets from 2005 and 2008 were used to assess the maple syrup quality variation and its relationship to microbial populations, with respect to processing, production site and harvesting period. The abundance of maple sap predominant bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens group and two subgroups, Rahnella spp., Janthinobacterium spp., Leuconostoc mesenteroides) and yeast (Mrakia spp., Mrakiella spp.,Guehomyces pullulans) was assessed by quantitative PCR. Maple syrup properties were analyzed by physicochemical and sensorial methods. Results indicate that P. fluorescens, Mrakia spp., Mrakiella spp. G. pullulans and Rahnella spp. are stable contaminants of maple sap, as they were found for every production site throughout the flow period. Multiple factor analysis reports a link between the relative abundance of P. fluorescens group and Mrakia spp. in maple sap with maple and vanilla odor as well as flavor of maple syrup. This evidence supports the contribution of these microorganisms or a consortium of predominant microbial contaminants to the characteristic properties of maple syrup.

Maple sap predominant microbial contaminants are correlated with the physicochemical and sensorial properties of maple syrup.

A functional understanding of processes involved in adaptive divergence is one of the awaiting opportunities afforded by high-throughput transcriptomic technologies. Functional analysis of coexpressed genes has succeeded in the biomedical field in identifying key drivers of disease pathways. However, in ecology and evolutionary biology, functional interpretation of transcriptomic data is still limited. Here, we used Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules of coexpressed genes in muscle and brain tissue of a lake whitefish backcross progeny. Modules were connected to gradients of known adaptive traits involved in the ecological speciation process between benthic and limnetic ecotypes. Key drivers, that is, hub genes of functional modules related to reproduction, growth, and behavior were identified, and module preservation was assessed in natural populations. Using this approach, we identified modules of coexpressed genes involved in phenotypic divergence and their key drivers, and further identified a module part specifically rewired in the backcross progeny. Functional analysis of transcriptomic data can significantly contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecological speciation. Our findings point to bone morphogenetic protein and calcium signaling as common pathways involved in coordinated evolution of trophic behavior, trophic morphology (gill rakers), and reproduction. Results also point to pathways implicating hemoglobins and constitutive stress response (HSP70) governing growth in lake whitefish.

Gene coexpression networks reveal key drivers of phenotypic divergence in lake whitefish.

Over the past decade, the study of protein interaction networks (PINs) has shed light on the organizing principles of living cells. However, PINs have been mostly mapped in one single condition. We outline three of the most promising avenues of investigation in this field, namely the study of first, how PINs are rewired by mutations and environmental perturbations; secondly, how inter-species interactions affect PIN achitectures; thirdly, what mechanisms and forces drive PIN evolution. These investigations will unravel the dynamics and condition dependence of PINs and will thus lead to a better functional annotation of network architecture. One major challenge to reach these goals is the integration of PINs with other cellular regulatory networks in the context of complex cellular phenotypes.

Integrative avenues for exploring the dynamics and evolution of protein interaction networks.

Major histocompatibility (MHC) immune system genes may evolve in response to pathogens in the environment. Because they also may affect mate choice, they are candidates for having great importance in ecological speciation. Here, we use next-generation sequencing to test the general hypothesis of parallelism in patterns of MHCIIβ diversity and bacterial infections among five dwarf and normal whitefish sympatric pairs. A second objective was to assess the functional relationships between specific MHCIIβ alleles and pathogens in natural conditions. Each individual had between one and four alleles, indicating two paralogous loci. In Cliff Lake, the dwarf ecotype was monomorphic for the most common allele. In Webster Lake, the skew in the allelic distribution was towards the same allele but in the normal ecotype, underscoring the nonparallel divergence among lakes. Our signal of balancing selection matched putative peptide binding region residues in some cases, but not in others, supporting other recent findings of substantial functional differences in fish MHCIIβ compared with mammals. Individuals with fewer alleles were less likely to be infected; thus, we found no evidence for the heterozygote advantage hypothesis. MHCIIβ alleles and pathogenic bacteria formed distinct clusters in multivariate analyses, and clusters of certain alleles were associated with clusters of pathogens, or sometimes the absence of pathogens, indicating functional relationships at the individual level. Given that patterns of MHCIIβ and bacteria were nonparallel among dwarf and normal whitefish pairs, we conclude that pathogens driving MHCIIβ evolution did not play a direct role in their parallel phenotypic evolution.

Nonparallelism in MHCIIβ diversity accompanies nonparallelism in pathogen infection of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs as revealed by next-generation sequencing.

Marie Filteau

Département de Biologie,
Institut de biologie intégrative et des systémes & PROTEO,
Département de Biologie, Institut de biologie intégrative et des systémes & PROTEO

Université Laval

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Marie Filteau

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Université Laval

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Département de Biologie,
Institut de biologie intégrative et des systémes & PROTEO,
Département de Biologie, Institut de biologie intégrative et des systémes & PROTEO