assessment-submitochondrial-protein-localization-budding-yeast

Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>

Despite recent advances in the characterization of yeast mitochondrial proteome, the submitochondrial localization of a significant number of proteins ...

Universidade De São Paulo (USP)

Universidade de São Paulo

This study reports the presence of hospital-associated high-risk lineages of OXA-23-producing ST79 Acinetobacter baumannii and SPM-1-producing ST277 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urban rivers in Brazil. These findings indicate that urban rivers can act as reservoirs of clinically important multidrug-resistant bacteria, which constitute a potential risk to human and animal health. 

Presence of high-risk clones of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii (ST79) and SPM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ST277) in environmental water samples in Brazil.

Yeast Prx1 is a mitochondrial 1-Cys peroxiredoxin that catalyzes the reduction of endogenously generated HO Prx1 is synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes as a preprotein with a cleavable N-terminal presequence that is the mitochondrial targeting signal, but the mechanisms underlying Prx1 distribution to distinct mitochondrial subcompartments are unknown. Here, we provide direct evidence of the following dual mitochondrial localization of Prx1: a soluble form in the intermembrane space and a form in the matrix weakly associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. We show that Prx1 sorting into the intermembrane space likely involves the release of the protein precursor within the lipid bilayer of the inner membrane, followed by cleavage by the inner membrane peptidase. We also found that during its import into the matrix compartment, Prx1 is sequentially cleaved by mitochondrial processing peptidase and then by octapeptidyl aminopeptidase 1 (Oct1). Oct1 cleaved eight amino acid residues from the N-terminal region of Prx1 inside the matrix, without interfering with its peroxidase activity  Remarkably, the processing of peroxiredoxin (Prx) proteins by Oct1 appears to be an evolutionarily conserved process because yeast Oct1 could cleave the human mitochondrial peroxiredoxin Prx3 when expressed in  Altogether, the processing of peroxiredoxins by Imp2 or Oct1 likely represents systems that control the localization of Prxs into distinct compartments and thereby contribute to various mitochondrial redox processes.

Proteolytic cleavage by the inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex or Oct1 peptidase controls the localization of the yeast peroxiredoxin Prx1 to distinct mitochondrial compartments.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious threat to public health, making the development of new antimicrobials an urgent necessity. Pyocins are protein antibiotics produced by  strains to kill closely related cells during intraspecific competition. Here, we report an in-depth biochemical, microbicidal, and structural characterization of a new S-type pyocin, named S8. Initially, we described the domain organization and secondary structure of S8. Subsequently, we observed that a recombinant S8 composed of the killing subunit in complex with the immunity (ImS8) protein killed the strain PAO1. Furthermore, mutation of a highly conserved glutamic acid to alanine (Glu100Ala) completely inhibited this antimicrobial activity. The integrity of the H-N-H motif is probably essential in the killing activity of S8, as Glu100 is a highly conserved residue of this motif. Next, we observed that S8 is a metal-dependent endonuclease, as EDTA treatment abolished its ability to cleave supercoiled pUC18 plasmid. Supplementation of apo S8 with Ni strongly induced this DNase activity, whereas Mn and Mg exhibited moderate effects and Zn was inhibitory. Additionally, S8 bound Zn with a higher affinity than Ni and the Glu100Ala mutation decreased the affinity of S8 for these metals, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Finally, we describe the crystal structure of the Glu100Ala S8 DNase-ImS8 complex at 1.38 Å, which gave us new insights into the endonuclease activity of S8. Our results reinforce the possibility of using pyocin S8 as an alternative therapy for infections caused by MDR strains, while leaving commensal human microbiota intact. Pyocins are proteins produced by  strains that participate in intraspecific competition and host-pathogen interactions. They were first described in the 1950s and since then have gained attention as possible new antibiotics. However, there is still only scarce information about the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules induce cell death. Here, we show that the metal-dependent endonuclease activity of pyocin S8 is involved with its antimicrobial action against strain PAO1. We also describe that this killing activity is dependent on a conserved Glu residue within the H-N-H motif. The potency and selectivity of pyocin S8 toward a narrow spectrum of  strains make this protein an attractive antimicrobial alternative for combatting MDR strains, while leaving commensal human microbiota intact.

Molecular Structure and Functional Analysis of Pyocin S8 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveals the Essential Requirement of a Glutamate Residue in the H-N-H Motif for DNase Activity.

Helena Turano

Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva,
Instituto de Biociências,
Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências

Universidade De São Paulo (USP)

Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Helena Turano

Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva,Instituto de Biociências,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências

Universidade De São Paulo (USP)

Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva,
Instituto de Biociências,
Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências