Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Locomotor  activity (LMA) is a simple and easily performed measurement of behavior in mice  and other rodents. Improvements in video tracking software ...

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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RAST &#xC11C;&#xBC84;: &#xAE09;&#xC18D; &#xD55C; &#xC8FC;&#xC11D; &#xC11C;&#xBE0C; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xAE30;&#xC220;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC;.

El n&#xFA;mero de secuencias del genoma procari&#xF3;tico que est&#xE9;n disponibles est&#xE1; creciendo de manera constante y est&#xE1; creciendo m&#xE1;s r&#xE1;pido que nuestra capacidad para anotarlos con precisi&#xF3;n.

El servidor de RAST: Anotaciones r&#xE1;pidas que utilizan tecnolog&#xED;a Subsistemas

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The number of prokaryotic genome sequences becoming available is growing steadily and is growing faster than our ability to accurately annotate them.

The RAST Server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology.

Le nombre de s&#xE9;quences du g&#xE9;nome procaryotes qui deviennent disponibles ne cesse de cro&#xEE;tre et cro&#xEE;t plus vite que notre capacit&#xE9; &#xE0; les annoter avec pr&#xE9;cision.

Le serveur RAST: Annotations rapides utilisant la technologie sous-syst&#xE8;mes

Die Anzahl der prokaryotischen Genomsequenzen immer zur Verf&uuml;gung, stetig w&auml;chst und w&auml;chst schneller als unsere F&auml;higkeit, genau diese kommentieren.

Der RAST-Server: schnelle Anmerkungen mit Subsysteme-Technologie.

Il numero di sequenze di genoma procariotico diventando disponibile &egrave; in costante crescita e sta crescendo pi&ugrave; velocemente che la nostra capacit&agrave; di annotare con precisione il loro.

Il Server RAST: annotazioni rapide utilizzando la tecnologia di sottosistemi.

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The macrophage (MÎ¦) is an essential cellular first responder in the innate immune system, sensing, alerting, removing and destroying intrinsic and extrinsic pathogens. While congenital aplasia of granulocytes, T or B lymphocytes leads to serious disease, lack of MÎ¦s is incompatible with life. The MÎ¦, however, is not a monomorphic entity. These constructers, repairers and defenders of the body are diverse in form and function. What controls MÎ¦ phenotype is beginning to be understood and involves a complex interplay of origination, location and microenvironment. Common to all MÎ¦ developmental pathways are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. MÎ¦s respond to these bioactives in distinct ways developing recently recognized activation phenotypes that canonically support bacterial clearance (classical activation), parasite defense/tissue repair (alternative activation) and anti-inflammation (deactivation). Critically, the same cytokines which orchestrate immune defense and homeostasis dramatically impact sense of well being and cognition by eliciting sickness symptoms. Such behaviors are the manifestation of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine action in the brain and are a direct consequence of MÎ¦ function. This review describes the "new" archetypal MÎ¦ activation states, delineates microglia phenotypic plasticity and explores the importance of these macrophage activation states to sickness behavior.

Macrophages make me sick: how macrophage activation states influence sickness behavior.

Macrophage (M&Phi;) est un intervenant essentiel premier cellulaire dans le syst&egrave;me immunitaire inn&eacute;, t&eacute;l&eacute;d&eacute;tection, alerter, enlever et d&eacute;truire les substances pathog&egrave;nes intrins&egrave;ques et extrins&egrave;ques. Tout en aplasie cong&eacute;nitale de granulocytes, les lymphocytes T ou B conduit &agrave; une maladie grave, manque de M&Phi;s n&#39;est pas compatible avec la vie. Le M&Phi;, cependant, n&#39;est pas une entit&eacute; monomorphe. Ces constructeurs, les r&eacute;parateurs et les d&eacute;fenseurs de l&#39;organisme sont diversifi&eacute;s dans la forme et la fonction. Quel contr&ocirc;les M&Phi; ph&eacute;notype commence &agrave; &ecirc;tre compris et implique une interaction complexe d&#39;origination, emplacement et micro-environnement. Commun &agrave; tous les M&Phi; voies d&eacute;veloppementales sont des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et anti-inflammatoires. M&Phi;s r&eacute;pondre &agrave; ces compos&eacute;s bioactifs de fa&ccedil;ons distinctes, d&eacute;veloppant des ph&eacute;notypes activation r&eacute;cemment reconnue canoniquement supportant la clairance bact&eacute;rienne (activation classique), r&eacute;paration de d&eacute;fense/tissu parasite (activation alternative) et anti-inflammatoire (d&eacute;sactivation). Critique, les cytokines m&ecirc;mes qui orchestrent l&#39;hom&eacute;ostasie et d&eacute;fenses immunitaires consid&eacute;rablement influer sentiment de bien &ecirc;tre et la cognition en suscitant des sympt&ocirc;mes de la maladie. Ces comportements sont la manifestation de l&#39;action de cytokines pro/anti-inflammatoires dans le cerveau et sont une cons&eacute;quence directe de la fonction M&Phi;. Cette revue d&eacute;crit les &Eacute;tats d&#39;activation M&Phi; arch&eacute;typales &laquo; nouveau &raquo;, d&eacute;limite la microglie plasticit&eacute; ph&eacute;notypique et explore l&#39;importance de ces &Eacute;tats d&#39;activation de macrophages au comportement de la maladie.

Macrophages me rendent malade : Comment activation macrophage d&eacute;clare influence le comportement de maladie.

Macrofago (M&Phi;) &egrave; un essenziale cellulare first responder nel sistema immunitario innato, rilevamento, avvisi, rimuovendo e distruggendo gli agenti patogeni intrinseci ed estrinseci. Durante l&#39;aplasia congenita dei granulociti, linfociti T o B porta a gravi malattie, la mancanza di M&Phi;s &egrave; incompatibile con la vita. M&Phi;, tuttavia, non &egrave; un&#39;entit&agrave; monomorfa. Questi costruttori, riparatori e difensori del corpo sono diversi nella forma e nella funzione. Quali controlli M&Phi; fenotipo sta cominciando ad essere capito e comporta una complessa interazione di origination, ubicazione e microambiente. Comuni a tutti i M&Phi; percorsi dello sviluppo sono citochine pro-infiammatorie e anti-infiammatori. M&Phi;s rispondere a questi bioactives in modi diversi, lo sviluppo di fenotipi di attivazione ha recentemente riconosciuto che supportano canonicamente clearance batterica (attivazione classica), parassita difesa/tessuto riparazione (attivazione alternativi) e infiammatori (disattivazione). Criticamente, le stesse citochine che orchestrare l&#39;omeostasi e la difesa immunitaria drammaticamente impatto senso di benessere e la cognizione di che provoca sintomi di malattia. Tali comportamenti sono la manifestazione di cytokine pro/anti-inflammatory action nel cervello e sono una diretta conseguenza della funzione M&Phi;. Questa recensione descrive gli Stati di attivazione M&Phi; archetipici &quot;nuovi&quot;, delinea le microglia plasticit&agrave; fenotipica ed Esplora l&#39;importanza di questi stati di attivazione dei macrofagi al comportamento di malattia.

Leslie K. McNeil

Department of Pathology,
Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program,
Department of Pathology, Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Leslie K. McNeil

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Pathology,Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program,Department of Pathology, Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Department of Pathology,
Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program,
Department of Pathology, Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program