a-modified-heterotopic-swine-hind-limb-transplant-model-for

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Research

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) such as hand and face transplants represent a viable treatment option for complex musculoskeletal trauma ...

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acid-base status and the serum concentration of organic acids in puppies with naturally occurring canine parvoviral enteritis. Between July 1999 and July 2000, 25 client-owned puppies admitted to the St. Louis Animal Emergency Clinic South for treatment of enteritis caused by parvovirus infection were used in our study. Control blood samples were collected from 22 healthy puppies less than 9 months of age. Serum organic acid concentrations were quantitatively determined by HPLC. Puppies infected with parvovirus had significantly lower plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate than controls. Although serum L-lactate tended to increase in some puppies with canine parvoviral enteritis, our study demonstrated that most affected puppies developed only mild compensated metabolic acidosis. None of the affected puppies had an elevated serum D-lactate concentration at admission.

Determination of serum organic acids in puppies with naturally acquired parvoviral enteritis.

Clinical pathology is a valuable means for assessing specific organ pathology and a screening tool for general animal health. Routine clinical pathology evaluation in mice usually includes whole blood for a complete blood count (CBC) and a clinical biochemistry analysis. Acquisition and analysis of these samples can be problematic due to the small volumes of blood that can be obtained from a mouse. Typically, a complete blood count requires blood from a tube containing an anticoagulant, whereas a clinical biochemistry profile needs blood from a serum clot tube. Because of the small volume that can be obtained, splitting the blood from a single mouse into 2 different tubes may result in inadequate samples to perform the desired tests or introduce inaccuracies. We explored the feasibility of using a single lithium heparin tube for generation of a CBC, biochemistry profile, and serology profile. We also evaluated the consistency of CBC data, including the quality of a peripheral blood smear taken from a lithium heparin or EDTA tube after various storage times. We found that CBC, biochemistry, and serology profiles could be obtained more readily when blood samples were placed in a single lithium heparin tube than in 2 separate tubes. In addition, the quality of blood smears and CBC results from the lithium heparin tube were comparable (with few exceptions) to those from an EDTA tube after prolonged storage.

Complete blood count, clinical chemistry, and serology profile by using a single tube of whole blood from mice.

Previous studies have reported that housing rats and mice on softwood beddings induce microsomal enzymes. To date, no published studies investigate effects of softwood beddings on microsomal induction in rabbits. The purpose of this study was to determine whether microsomal enzymes, primarily cytochromes P450 3A and 2B, were induced in rabbits exposed to commonly used bedding substrates. Rabbits were placed in cages 7.6 cm above 1 sheet of 24 x 36 in. postconsumer recycled paper, approximately 16 cups (130 ounces) of pine shavings, or no substrate. Positive-control rabbits were given either rifampin (50 mg/kg) or phenobarbital (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once daily for 5 d. At 2, 7, and 14 d after placement in test cages, rabbits were euthanized and the livers harvested. Microsomal pellets were prepared from the livers and used in an erythromycin Ndemethylase assay (to determine CYP3A activity) and a pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylation assay (to determine CYP2B activity). Although the levels of enzyme induction varied slightly in both assays, statistical significance was not reached compared to the positive-control levels. These results indicate that neither CYP450 3A or 2B enzymes are induced by exposure of rabbits to pine shavings or paper substrate as noncontact bedding for up to 14 d.

Effects of bedding substrates on microsomal enzymes in rabbit liver.

Macaques are a commonly used non-human primate (NHP) model to evaluate safety and efficacy of topically applied vaginal microbicides. Cervicovaginal evaluation for topical microbicide safety studies requires proper technique, equipment, supplies, and sequence of sample collection.

Cervicovaginal evaluation in macaques used as a model for topical microbicide safety studies.

The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis is 1-22%. It continues to be a difficult problem for endoscopist and patient. Uncovering an agent that may be used to prevent its occurrence is critical.

Etanercept, a TNF-alpha binding agent, is ineffective in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in canines.

Fas &#x9014;&#x5F84;&#x662F; T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x7A33;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x76D1;&#x7BA1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4F53;&#x5185;&#x7684; Fas &#x9014;&#x5F84;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7684; T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x4EBA;&#x53E3;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E0D;&#x6E05;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136; CD4 &#x548C; CD8 &#x5355;&#x9633;&#x6027; (SP) T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x7684;&#x91CE;&#x751F;&#x578B;&#x5C0F;&#x9F20;&#x5916;&#x56F4;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x7684; T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x4E9A;&#x7FA4;&#xFF0C;&#x6C47;&#x8F91; &#x300B; &#x5728; Fas &#xFF08;lpr &#x5C0F;&#x9F20;) &#x6216; Fas &#x914D;&#x4F53; (gld &#x5C0F;&#x9F20;) &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x635F;&#x5931;&#x7684;&#x7A81;&#x53D8;&#x5C0F;&#x9F20;&#x662F;&#x7531; CD4(-)CD8(-) &#x53CC;&#x91CD;&#x5426;&#x5B9A; alphabeta T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x8868;&#x793A; B220 &#x548C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A; B220 + DN T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x5360;&#x4E3B;&#x5BFC;&#x5730;&#x4F4D;&#x3002;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#xFF0C;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1; B220 + DN T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x6DCB;&#x5DF4;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x77E5;&#x4E4B;&#x751A;&#x5C11;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x9879;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48; T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x6DCB;&#x5DF4;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x81F4; gld &#x7A81;&#x53D8;&#x662F;&#x7531; B220 + DN T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x5360;&#x4E3B;&#x5BFC;&#x5730;&#x4F4D;&#x3002;

Fas &#x4ECB;&#x5BFC;&#x7684;&#x51CB;&#x4EA1;&#x4E00;&#x6E05;&#x9664;&#x51FA;&#x53CC;&#x91CD;&#x5426;&#x5B9A; T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x6765;&#x89C4;&#x7BA1;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5916;&#x56F4; alphabeta T &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x6C47;&#x8F91; &#x300B;&#x3002;

The Fas pathway is a major regulator of T cell homeostasis, however, the T cell population that is controlled by the Fas pathway in vivo is poorly defined. Although CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells are the two major T cell subsets in the periphery of wild type mice, the repertoire of mice bearing loss-of-function mutation in either Fas (lpr mice) or Fas ligand (gld mice) is predominated by CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative alphabeta T cells that also express B220 and generally referred to as B220+DN T cells. Despite extensive analysis, the basis of B220+DN T cell lymphoproliferation remains poorly understood. In this study we re-examined the issue of why T cell lymphoproliferation caused by gld mutation is predominated by B220+DN T cells.

Fas-mediated apoptosis regulates the composition of peripheral alphabeta T cell repertoire by constitutively purging out double negative T cells.

La voie de Fas est un r&eacute;gulateur important de l&#39;hom&eacute;ostasie des lymphocytes T, toutefois, la population de lymphocytes T qui est contr&ocirc;l&eacute;e par la voie de Fas in vivo est mal d&eacute;finie. Bien que les CD4 et CD8 positifs (SP) T monocellules sont les sous-ensembles de deux grandes cellules de T dans la p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie de souris de type sauvage, le r&eacute;pertoire des souris porteuses de mutations perte de fonction en Fas (lpr souris) ou Fas ligand (souris gld) est pr&eacute;domin&eacute; par CD4(-)CD8(-) double n&eacute;gation alphabeta T cellules qui expriment aussi B220 et g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement appel&eacute;s lymphocytes T B220 + DN. Malgr&eacute; une analyse approfondie, la base de la lymphoprolif&eacute;ration de lymphocytes T B220 + DN reste mal comprise. Dans cette &eacute;tude, que nous avons r&eacute;examin&eacute; la question de la raison pour laquelle les lymphocytes T lymphoprolif&eacute;ration caus&eacute;e par gld mutation est pr&eacute;domin&eacute;e par les cellules T B220 + DN.

L&#39;apoptose m&eacute;di&eacute;e par FAS r&eacute;glemente la composition des p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique alphabeta r&eacute;pertoire des lymphocytes T par constitutivement purge des lymphocytes T double n&eacute;gation.

Die Fas-Pathway ist ein wichtiger Regulator der T-Zell-Hom&ouml;ostase, der T-Zellpopulation, die durch die Fas-Pathway in-vivo kontrolliert wird ist jedoch schlecht definiert. Zwar CD4 und CD8 positive (SP) T Einzelzellen die zwei gro&szlig;en T-Zell-Teilmengen in der Peripherie von Wildtyp-M&auml;usen, ist das Repertoire von M&auml;usen mit Verlust of Function Mutation in Fas (Lpr M&auml;usen) oder Fas-Ligand (Gld M&auml;use) gepr&auml;gt von CD4(-)CD8(-) doppelte Verneinung Alphabeta T Zellen, die auch express B220 und allgemein als B220 + DN-T-Zellen bezeichnet. Trotz umfangreichen Analyse bleibt die Grundlage der B220 + DN-T-Zell-disseminiert weitgehend unverstanden. In dieser Studie, die wir die Frage, &uuml;berpr&uuml;ft Warum T-Zell-disseminiert durch Gld verursacht ist Mutation gepr&auml;gt von B220 + DN-T-Zellen.

FAS-vermittelter Apoptose regelt die Zusammensetzung der peripheren Alphabeta T-Zell-Repertoires von konstitutiv Aufr&auml;umen, doppelte Verneinung T-Zellen.

Il pathway di Fas &egrave; un importante regolatore dell&#39;omeostasi delle cellule T, tuttavia, la popolazione di cellule T che &egrave; controllata dalla via del Fas in vivo &egrave; scarsamente definita. Sebbene le CD4 e CD8 positive (SP) T cellule singole sono i sottoinsiemi di due principali delle cellule T nella periferia di topi wild type, il repertorio dei topi recanti la mutazione di perdita di funzione in Fas (lpr topi) o ligando Fas (topi gld) &egrave; predominavano da CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative alphabeta T cellule che esprimono anche B220 e generalmente indicato come cellule T B220 + DN. Nonostante la vasta analisi, alla base del B220 + DN T cell linfoproliferazione rimane scarsamente comprensibile. In questo studio che abbiamo riesaminato la questione del perch&eacute; la cellula T linfoproliferazione causata da gld mutazione &egrave; predominavano dalle cellule T B220 + DN.

Apoptosi FAS-mediata regola la composizione del periferico alphabeta repertorio delle cellule T SPURGANDO costitutivamente cellule T double negative.

Fas &#x7D4C;&#x8DEF; T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x306E;&#x6052;&#x5E38;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x30EC;&#x30AE;&#x30E5;&#x30EC;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3001;&#x3057;&#x304B;&#x3057;&#x3001;in vivo &#x3067;&#x306E; Fas &#x7D4C;&#x8DEF;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B; T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x96C6;&#x56E3;&#x304C;&#x5341;&#x5206;&#x306B;&#x5B9A;&#x7FA9;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;CD4 &#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073; CD8 &#x5358;&#x4E00;&#x6B63; &#xFF08;SP&#xFF09; T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x306F;&#x91CE;&#x751F;&#x578B;&#x30DE;&#x30A6;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x5468;&#x56F2;&#x306E; 2 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x306A; T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x30B5;&#x30D6;&#x30BB;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x304C;&#x3001;&#x8EF8;&#x53D7; Fas (lpr &#x30DE;&#x30A6;&#x30B9;) &#x307E;&#x305F;&#x306F; Fas &#x30EA;&#x30AC;&#x30F3;&#x30C9; &#xFF08;gld &#x30DE;&#x30A6;&#x30B9;&#xFF09; &#x306E;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x55AA;&#x5931;&#x5909;&#x7570;&#x30DE;&#x30A6;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D1;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x30EA;&#x30FC;&#x3082; B220 &#x8868;&#x73FE;&#x3057;&#x3001;B220 + DN T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x3068;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x547C;&#x3070;&#x308C;&#x308B; CD4(-)CD8(-) &#x4E8C;&#x91CD;&#x5426;&#x5B9A; alphabeta T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x512A;&#x52E2;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x5E83;&#x7BC4;&#x306A;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x306B;&#x3082;&#x304B;&#x304B;&#x308F;&#x3089;&#x305A;&#x3001;B220 + DN T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x5E7C;&#x306E;&#x57FA;&#x790E;&#x306F;&#x3088;&#x304F;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x307E;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x5E7C; gld &#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x5F15;&#x304D;&#x8D77;&#x3053;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x306A;&#x305C;&#x6211;&#x3005; &#x306E;&#x554F;&#x984C;&#x3092;&#x518D;&#x691C;&#x8A0E;&#x672C;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x7A81;&#x7136;&#x5909;&#x7570;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B; B220 + DN T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x512A;&#x52E2;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;

Fas &#x5A92;&#x4ECB;&#x30A2;&#x30DD;&#x30C8;&#x30FC;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x6052;&#x5E38;&#x30C0;&#x30D6;&#x30EB; &#x30CD;&#x30AC;&#x30C6;&#x30A3;&#x30D6; T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x3092;&#x30D1;&#x30FC;&#x30B8;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x672B;&#x68A2; alphabeta T &#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x30EC;&#x30D1;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x30EA;&#x30FC;&#x306E;&#x7D44;&#x6210;&#x3092;&#x8ABF;&#x7BC0;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#xADF8;&#xB7EC;&#xB098; Fas &#xD1B5;&#xB85C; T &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xD56D;&#xC0C1;&#xC131;&#xC758; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xB808; &#xADE4; &#xB808;&#xC774; &#xD130;,, Fas &#xD1B5;&#xB85C; &#xC0DD;&#xCCB4; &#xC870;&#xAC74;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xB418;&#xB294; T &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xC778;&#xAD6C; &#xAC00;&#xB09C; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xC815;&#xC758; &#xB41C;. C d 4&#xC640; CD8 &#xB2E8; &#xC591;&#xC218; (SP) T &#xC138;&#xD3EC;&#xB294; &#xC57C;&#xC0DD; &#xD0C0;&#xC785; &#xB9C8;&#xC6B0;&#xC2A4;&#xC758; &#xC8FC;&#xBCC0;&#xC5D0; &#xB450; &#xAC00;&#xC9C0; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; T &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xD558;&#xC704; &#xC9D1;&#xD569;, &#xBCA0;&#xC5B4;&#xB9C1; Fas (lpr &#xC950;) &#xB610;&#xB294; Fas &#xB9AC;&#xAC04;&#xB4DC; (gld &#xC950;)&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC190;&#xC2E4;&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5; &#xB3CC;&#xC5F0;&#xBCC0;&#xC774; &#xC0DD;&#xC950;&#xC758; &#xB808; &#xD37C; &#xD1A0;&#xB9AC; &#xB610;&#xD55C; B220 &#xC775;&#xC2A4;&#xD504;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;&#xC640; &#xC77C;&#xBC18;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; B220 + DN T &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xB77C;&#xACE0; &#xD558;&#xB294; CD4(-)CD8(-) &#xC774;&#xC911; &#xBD80;&#xC815; alphabeta T &#xC138;&#xD3EC;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; predominated &#xC774;&#xB2E4;. &#xAD11;&#xBC94;&#xC704; &#xD55C; &#xBD84;&#xC11D;&#xC5D0;&#xB3C4; &#xBD88;&#xAD6C; &#xD558; &#xACE0; T &#xC140; lymphoproliferation B220 + DN&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xCD08; &#xB0A8;&#xC544; &#xC81C;&#xB300;&#xB85C; &#xC774;&#xD574;. T &#xC140; lymphoproliferation gld&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC774;&#xC720;&#xC758; &#xBB38;&#xC81C;&#xB97C; &#xB2E4;&#xC2DC; &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xAC00;&#xC774; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBCC0;&#xC774; B220 + DN T &#xC138;&#xD3EC;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; predominated&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Fas &#xC911;&#xC7AC; apoptosis constitutively &#xC774;&#xC911; &#xBD80;&#xC815; T &#xC138;&#xD3EC;&#xB97C; &#xC81C;&#xAC70; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xC8FC;&#xBCC0; alphabeta T &#xC140; &#xB808; &#xD37C; &#xD1A0;&#xB9AC;&#xC758; &#xAD6C;&#xC131; &#xC870;&#xC808;.

La v&iacute;a Fas es un importante regulador de la homeostasis celular T, sin embargo, la poblaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas T que es controlada por la v&iacute;a de Fas en vivo est&aacute; mal definida. Aunque las c&eacute;lulas CD4 y CD8 solas positivas (SP) T son los subconjuntos de dos grandes c&eacute;lulas de T en la periferia de los ratones de tipo salvaje, el repertorio de ratones mutaci&oacute;n de la p&eacute;rdida de funci&oacute;n en Fas (lpr ratones) o Fas ligand (gld ratones) predominan CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative alphabeta T c&eacute;lulas que expresan tambi&eacute;n B220 y generalmente denominan c&eacute;lulas T B220 + DN. A pesar de los extensos an&aacute;lisis, la base de linfoproliferaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas T B220 + DN sigue siendo mal entendida. En este estudio que reexaminar la cuesti&oacute;n de porqu&eacute; linfoproliferaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas T causada por gld mutaci&oacute;n predominan c&eacute;lulas T B220 + DN.

Apoptosis FAS-mediado regula la composici&oacute;n del perif&eacute;rico alphabeta repertorio de c&eacute;lulas T purgando constitutivamente hacia fuera de las c&eacute;lulas de T de doble negativa.

The causes and treatments of pancreatitis have been studied in diverse species, but the canine pancreatitis model has been used most often due to its similarities to the condition in humans. Although pancreatitis in dogs can be induced readily by numerous methods, managing these dogs can be difficult because they often develop severe abdominal pain, vomiting, inappetance, and lethargy. In an effort to study pancreatitis, we performed a pilot study to determine whether an endoscopic pancreatic procedure would be possible in a dog and whether, through various manipulations, a new method of inducing pancreatitis could be developed. The model uses endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a common procedure in human gastroenterology that has been associated with postprocedural pancreatitis. Although all 8 dogs used in developing the ERCP model had both biochemical and histologic changes consistent with pancreatitis, 7 of the 8 dogs remained free of classic clinical signs of the disease. This method is presented as a refinement of a canine model and presents an alternative method of inducing pancreatitis, with decreased risk of developing associated clinical signs.

Refinement of canine pancreatitis model: inducing pancreatitis by using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Despite advances in the development of fetal surgery, morbidity and mortality are substantial. A natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)-guided approach to the gravid uterus may offer a less-invasive technique.

Successful diagnostic and therapeutic intrauterine fetal interventions by natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (with videos).

Currently reported natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures in animals have been done in heterogeneous milieus ranging from nonsterile to sterile procedures, with mixed results, including no infection in those performed in nonsterile settings.

Infection during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: a randomized, controlled study in a live porcine model.

The metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been extensively investigated because its processing generates the amyloid-Î²-peptide (AÎ²), which is a likely cause of Alzheimer disease. Much prior research has focused on APP processing using transgenic constructs and heterologous cell lines. Work to date in native neuronal cultures suggests that AÎ² is produced in very large amounts. We sought to investigate APP metabolism and AÎ² production simultaneously under more physiological conditions in vivo and in vitro using cultured rat cortical neurons and live pigs. We found in cultured neurons that both APP and AÎ² are secreted rapidly and at extremely high rates into the extracellular space (2-4 molecules/neuron/s for AÎ²). Little APP is degraded outside of the pathway that leads to extracellular release. Two metabolic pools of APP are identified, one that is metabolized extremely rapidly (t1/2;) = 2.2 h), and another, surface pool, composed of both synaptic and extrasynaptic elements, that turns over very slowly. AÎ² release and accumulation in the extracellular medium can be accounted for stoichiometrically by the extracellular release of Î²-cleaved forms of the APP ectodomain. Two Î±-cleavages of APP occur for every Î²-cleavage. Consistent with the results seen in cultured neurons, an extremely high rate of AÎ² production and secretion from the brain was seen in juvenile pigs. In summary, our experiments show an enormous and rapid production and extracellular release of AÎ² and the soluble APP ectodomain. A small, slowly metabolized, surface pool of full-length APP is also identified.

Large quantities of Abeta peptide are constitutively released during amyloid precursor protein metabolism in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: Manipulation of cotton operating room towels within the abdominal cavity in open abdominal surgery has been associated with the formation of peritoneal adhesions. In a rabbit model, the use of standard cotton operating room towels is compared to the Lap Pak, a silicone bowel-packing device, to determine the potential for reducing the risk of adhesions. Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups. The rabbits underwent a sham surgery with incision only (n = 10), placement of operating room towels (n = 10), or placement of a Lap Pak (n = 10). After 14 days, the rabbits were sacrificed and the peritoneal cavity explored for adhesions. The number, tenacity, ease of dissection, and density of adhesions were recorded, and the adhesions quantitatively graded using a Modified Hopkins Adhesion scoring system. Results: The operating room towel group had an average adhesion score of 2.5, and 8 (80%) rabbits developed adhesions. The sham group had an average adhesion score of 0.3 and one rabbit (10%) developed adhesions. The Lap Pak group had an average adhesion score of 0.2 and 1 rabbit (10%) developed adhesions. The frequency and severity of adhesions in the operating room towel group were significantly greater from that of the baseline sham group. There was no significant difference between the Lap Pak and sham groups. Conclusions: In this rabbit laparotomy model, the use of the Lap Pak to retract the bowels resulted in significantly fewer adhesions compared to cotton operating room towels. Lap Pak may be beneficial for bowel packing in general abdominal surgeries.

Comparison of peritoneal adhesion formation in bowel retraction by cotton towels versus the silicone lap pak device in a rabbit model.

Purpose. The radioligand [(11)C]KR31173 has been introduced for PET imaging of the angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor (AT1R). The purpose of the present project was to employ and validate a compartmental model for quantification of the kinetics of this radioligand in a porcine model of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR). Procedures. Ten domestic pigs were included in the study: five controls and five experimental animals with IR of the left kidney. To achieve IR, acute ischemia was created with a balloon inserted into the left renal artery and inflated for 60 minutes. Reperfusion was achieved by deflation and removal of the balloon. Blood chemistries, urine specific gravity and PH values, and circulating hormones of the renin angiotensin system were measured and PET imaging was performed one week after IR. Cortical time-activity curves obtained from a 90â€‰min [(11)C]KR31173 dynamic PET study were processed with a compartmental model that included two tissue compartments connected in parallel. Radioligand binding quantified by radioligand retention (80â€‰min value to maximum value ratio) was compared to the binding parameters derived from the compartmental model. A binding ratio was calculated as DVR = DVS/DVNS, where DVS and DVNS represented the distribution volumes of specific binding and nonspecific binding. Receptor binding was also determined by autoradiography in vitro. Results. Correlations between rate constants and binding parameters derived by the convolution and deconvolution curve fittings were significant (r > 0.9). Also significant was the correlation between the retention parameter derived from the tissue activity curve (Y ret) and the retention parameter derived from the impulse response function (f ret). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between these two retention parameters and DVR. Measurements with PET showed no significant changes in the radioligand binding parameters caused by IR, and these in vivo findings were confirmed by autoradiography performed in vitro. Conclusions. Correlations between various binding parameters support the concept of the parallel connectivity compartmental model. If an arterial input function cannot be obtained, simple radioligand retention may be adequate for estimation of in vivo radioligand binding.

Dawn Ruben

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Research

Dawn Ruben

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Research

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery