This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130012 and 81830010) and the Nurture projects for basic research of Shanghai Chest Hospital (Grant Number: 2022YNJCQ03).

The animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Shanghai Chest Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (approval number: KS23010) and were in compliance with relevant ethical regulations. Male and female C57BL/6 mice aged 4-8 weeks are to be preferred for this experiment.
1. Preparation of surgical tools, buffers, and culture media
<ol>
	<li>Autoclave surgical tools (e.g., surgical scissors and standard...

Culturing Preadipocytes Isolated from Murine Perivascular Adipose Tissue

<ol>
	<li>Akoumianakis, I., Antoniades, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+interplay+between+adipose+tissue+and+the+cardiovascular+system:+is+fat+always+bad.">The interplay between adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system: is fat always bad.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 113 (9), 999-1008 (2017).</li><li>Huang, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thoracic+perivascular+adipose+tissue+inhibits+VSMC+apoptosis+and+aortic+aneurysm+formation+in+mice+via+the+secretome+of+browning+adipocytes.">Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue inhibits VSMC apoptosis and aortic aneurysm formation in mice via the secretome of browning adipocytes.</a> Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 44 (2), 345-355 (2023).</li><li>Xia, N., Li, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+obesity-induced+vascular+dysfunction.">The role of perivascular adipose tissue in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction.</a> British Journal of Pharmacology. 174 (20), 3425-3442 (2017).</li><li>Brown, N. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+vascular+function+and+disease:+a+review+of+current+research+and+animal+models.">Perivascular adipose tissue in vascular function and disease: a review of current research and animal models.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 34 (8), 1621-1630 (2014).</li><li>Ferrero, R., Rainer, P., Deplancke, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+a+consensus+view+of+mammalian+adipocyte+stem+and+progenitor+cell+heterogeneity.">Toward a consensus view of mammalian adipocyte stem and progenitor cell heterogeneity.</a> Trends in Cell Biology. 30 (12), 937-950 (2020).</li><li>Angueira, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defining+the+lineage+of+thermogenic+perivascular+adipose+tissue.">Defining the lineage of thermogenic perivascular adipose tissue.</a> Nature Metabolism. 3 (4), 469-484 (2021).</li><li>Boucher, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rab27a+regulates+human+perivascular+adipose+progenitor+cell+differentiation.">Rab27a regulates human perivascular adipose progenitor cell differentiation.</a> Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 32 (5), 519-530 (2018).</li><li>Saxton, S. N., Withers, S. B., Heagerty, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+roles+of+sympathetic+nerves+and+inflammation+in+perivascular+adipose+tissue.">Emerging roles of sympathetic nerves and inflammation in perivascular adipose tissue.</a> Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 33 (2), 245-259 (2019).</li><li>Ferroni, L., De Francesco, F., Pinton, P., Gardin, C., Zavan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+to+isolate+adipose+tissue-derived+stem+cells.">Methods to isolate adipose tissue-derived stem cells.</a> Methods in Cell Biology. 171, 215-228 (2022).</li><li>Senesi, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+and+enzymatic+procedures+to+isolate+the+stromal+vascular+fraction+from+adipose+tissue:+preliminary+results.">Mechanical and enzymatic procedures to isolate the stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue: preliminary results.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 7, 88 (2019).</li><li>Andia, I., Maffulli, N., Burgos-Alonso, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stromal+vascular+fraction+technologies+and+clinical+applications.">Stromal vascular fraction technologies and clinical applications.</a> Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 19 (12), 1289-1305 (2019).</li><li>Suh, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-derived+cellular+and+cell-derived+regenerative+therapies+in+dermatology+and+aesthetic+rejuvenation.">Adipose-derived cellular and cell-derived regenerative therapies in dermatology and aesthetic rejuvenation.</a> Ageing Research Reviews. 54, 100933 (2019).</li><li>Bellei, B., Migliano, E., Picardo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+potential+of+adipose+tissue-derivatives+in+modern+dermatology.">Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derivatives in modern dermatology.</a> Experimental Dermatology. 31 (12), 1837-1852 (2022).</li><li>Kraus, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+adipocyte+differentiation+in+cell+culture.">Quantitative assessment of adipocyte differentiation in cell culture.</a> Adipocyte. 5 (4), 351-358 (2016).</li><li>Figueroa, A. M., Stolzenbach, F., Tapia, P., Cort&#233;s, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+and+imaging+of+brown+adipocytes+from+the+stromal+vascular+fraction+of+interscapular+adipose+tissue+from+newborn+mice.">Differentiation and imaging of brown adipocytes from the stromal vascular fraction of interscapular adipose tissue from newborn mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (192), (2023).</li><li>Ma, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methotrexate+improves+perivascular+adipose+tissue/endothelial+dysfunction+via+activation+of+AMPK/eNOS+pathway.">Methotrexate improves perivascular adipose tissue/endothelial dysfunction via activation of AMPK/eNOS pathway.</a> Molecular Medicine Reports. 15 (4), 2353-2359 (2017).</li><li>Li, X., Ballantyne, L. L., Yu, Y., Funk, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue-derived+extracellular+vesicle+miR-221-3p+mediates+vascular+remodeling.">Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling.</a> FASEB Journal. 33 (11), 12704-12722 (2019).</li><li>Ruan, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue-derived+complement+3+is+required+for+adventitial+fibroblast+functions+and+adventitial+remodeling+in+deoxycorticosterone+acetate-salt+hypertensive+rats.">Perivascular adipose tissue-derived complement 3 is required for adventitial fibroblast functions and adventitial remodeling in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 30 (12), 2568-2574 (2010).</li><li>Adachi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beiging+of+perivascular+adipose+tissue+regulates+its+inflammation+and+vascular+remodeling.">Beiging of perivascular adipose tissue regulates its inflammation and vascular remodeling.</a> Nature Communications. 13 (1), 5117 (2022).</li><li>Ye, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+and+functional+characteristics+of+the+thoracic+aorta+perivascular+adipocyte.">Developmental and functional characteristics of the thoracic aorta perivascular adipocyte.</a> Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 76 (4), 777-789 (2019).</li><li>Stanek, A., Bro&#380;yna-Tkaczyk, K., My&#347;li&#324;ski, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+obesity-induced+perivascular+adipose+tissue+(PVAT)+dysfunction+in+vascular+homeostasis.">The role of obesity-induced perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction in vascular homeostasis.</a> Nutrients. 13 (11), 3843 (2021).</li><li>Queiroz, M., Sena, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+age-related+vascular+disease.">Perivascular adipose tissue in age-related vascular disease.</a> Ageing Research Reviews. 59, 101040 (2020).</li><li>Fitzgibbons, T. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Similarity+of+mouse+perivascular+and+brown+adipose+tissues+and+their+resistance+to+diet-induced+inflammation.">Similarity of mouse perivascular and brown adipose tissues and their resistance to diet-induced inflammation.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 301 (4), H1425-H1437 (2011).</li><li>Chang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+perivascular+adipose+tissue+on+peroxisome+proliferator-activated+receptor-&#947;+deletion+in+smooth+muscle+cells+impairs+intravascular+thermoregulation+and+enhances+atherosclerosis.">Loss of perivascular adipose tissue on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&#947; deletion in smooth muscle cells impairs intravascular thermoregulation and enhances atherosclerosis.</a> Circulation. 126 (9), 1067-1078 (2012).</li><li>Piacentini, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+expression+profiling+unveils+autoimmune+response+signatures+in+the+perivascular+adipose+tissue+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">Genome-wide expression profiling unveils autoimmune response signatures in the perivascular adipose tissue of abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 39 (2), 237-249 (2019).</li><li>Wang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+sequencing+reveals+perivascular+adipose+tissue+plasticity+in+response+to+angiotensin+II.">RNA sequencing reveals perivascular adipose tissue plasticity in response to angiotensin II.</a> Pharmacological Research. 178, 106183 (2022).</li><li>Shi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ascending+aortic+perivascular+adipose+tissue+inflammation+associates+with+aortic+valve+disease.">Ascending aortic perivascular adipose tissue inflammation associates with aortic valve disease.</a> Journal of Cardiology. 80 (3), 240-248 (2022).</li><li>Fu, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+crest+cells+differentiate+into+brown+adipocytes+and+contribute+to+periaortic+arch+adipose+tissue+formation.">Neural crest cells differentiate into brown adipocytes and contribute to periaortic arch adipose tissue formation.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 39 (8), 1629-1644 (2019).</li><li>Gil-Ortega, M., Somoza, B., Huang, Y., Gollasch, M., Fern&#225;ndez-Alfonso, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regional+differences+in+perivascular+adipose+tissue+impacting+vascular+homeostasis.">Regional differences in perivascular adipose tissue impacting vascular homeostasis.</a> Trends in Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism. 26 (7), 367-375 (2015).</li><li>Bar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+magnetic+resonance+imaging-based+detection+of+heterogeneous+endothelial+response+in+thoracic+and+abdominal+aorta+to+short-term+high-fat+diet+ascribed+to+differences+in+perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+mice.">In vivo magnetic resonance imaging-based detection of heterogeneous endothelial response in thoracic and abdominal aorta to short-term high-fat diet ascribed to differences in perivascular adipose tissue in mice.</a> Journal of the American Heart Association. 9 (21), e016929 (2020).</li></ol>

We propose a practical and feasible approach for the isolation and adipogenic induction of SVF-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue. The advantages of this protocol are that it is simple and economical. Adequate numbers of mice are critical for successful isolation, as insufficient tissue can result in low SVF density and poor growth state, ultimately affecting lipogenic efficiency. Additionally, mouse age is an important factor to consider as the adipogenic potential of SVF decreases with age. Rapi...

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a perivascular structure composed of a mixture of mature adipocytes and a stromal vascular fraction (SVF), is believed to interact with the adjacent vessel wall via its secretome paracrineally1. As a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis, PVAT dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases2,3,4. The SVF of adipocyte tissue consists of several expected cell populations, including endothelial cells, immune cells, mesothelium cells, neuronal cells, and adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs)5,6. It is well known that ASPCs residing in the SVF of adipose tissue can give rise to mature adipocytes5. SVF is inferred to be a critical source of mature adipocytes in PVAT. Several studies have shown that PVAT-SVF can differentiate into mature adipocytes under specific induction conditions6,7,8.
Currently, there are two isolation systems for isolating SVF from adipose tissue, one is enzymatic digestion and the other is non-enzymatic9. Enzymatic methods typically result in a higher yield of nucleated progenitor cells10. To date, the benefits of SVF in promoting vascular regeneration and neovascularization in wound healing, urogenital, and cardiovascular diseases have been widely demonstrated11, especially in dermatology and plastic surgery12,13. However, the clinical application prospects of PVAT-derived SVF have not been well explored, which may be attributed to the lack of a standardized method for the isolation of SVF from PVAT. The objective of this protocol is to establish a standardized approach for the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of SVF-derived preadipocytes from mouse PVAT surrounding the thoracic aorta, enabling further investigation of PVAT function. This protocol optimizes tissue processing and cell differentiation techniques for culturing periaortic adipocytes obtained from young mice.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.2 &#956;m syringe filters</td>
			<td>PALL</td>
			<td>4612</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well plate&#160;</td>
			<td>Labselect</td>
			<td>11210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Labserv</td>
			<td>310109003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3,3&#39;,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T-2877</td>
			<td>1 nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Labselect</td>
			<td>CT-002-50A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-adiponectin</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab22554</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-COX IV</td>
			<td>CST</td>
			<td>4850</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-FABP4</td>
			<td>CST</td>
			<td>2120</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-PGC1&#945;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab191838</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-PPAR&#947;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MA5-14889</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-UCP1</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab10983</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-&#945;-Actinin</td>
			<td>CST</td>
			<td>6487</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST023-200g</td>
			<td>1%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice aged 4-8 weeks of both sexes</td>
			<td>Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Strainer 70 &#181;m, nylon</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen from calf skin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8919</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase, Type 1</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>LS004196</td>
			<td>1 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D1756</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase II</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4693-1G</td>
			<td>4 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16000-044</td>
			<td>10%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4034-25G</td>
			<td>20 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High glucose DMEM</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30022.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IBMX&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I7018</td>
			<td>0.5 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator with orbital shaker</td>
			<td>Shanghai longyue Instrument Eruipment Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>LYZ-103B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin (cattle)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>11070-73-8</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>RWD</td>
			<td>R510-22-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Krebs-Ringer&#39;s Solution</td>
			<td>Pricella&#160;</td>
			<td>PB180347</td>
			<td>protect from light&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical forceps</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS233</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical scissor</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS217</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil Red O&#160;</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A600395-0050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline)</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>B548117-0500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch&#160;</td>
			<td>115-035-146</td>
			<td>1:5,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch&#160;</td>
			<td>111-035-144</td>
			<td>1:5,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rosiglitazone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R2408</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard forceps</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical scissor</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose tissue depot that surrounds blood vessels and exhibits the phenotypes of white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Recent discoveries have shed light on the central role of PVAT in regulating vascular homeostasis and participating in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive understanding of PVAT properties and regulation is of great importance for the development of future therapies. Primary cultures of periaortic adipocytes are valuable for studying PVAT function and the crosstalk between periaortic adipocytes and vascular cells. This paper presents an economical and feasible protocol for the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue, which can be useful for modeling adipogenesis or lipogenesis in vitro. The protocol outlines tissue processing and cell differentiation for culturing periaortic adipocytes from young mice. This protocol will provide the technological cornerstone at the bench side for the investigation of PVAT function.

Author Spotlight: The Significance of Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of SVF-Derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue 

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Stromal Vascular Fraction-derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Periaortic Adipose Tissue

We aim to establish a standardized approach for the isolation culture and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mass PVAT. This protocol enables us to conduct further investigations into PVAT function and into the communication between periaortic adipocytes and vascular cells in vitro. The main challenges we currently face in our experiments include the restricted of availability of PVAT and the requirements for additional human and the material resources when compared to using immortalized preadipocytes.Our protocol allows for the study of perivascular adipose tissue function and it's relationship with vascular cells. We also offers a basis for studying PVAT ring and genes, and heterogeneity, and provides a platform for exploring the important regulator of PVAT differentiation and the adipogenesis in vitro.

Using this protocol described above, we carefully isolated PVATs surrounding mouse thoracic aortas (Figure 1A-D). After washing and mincing the PVATs into small pieces using sterile scissors (Figure 1E,F), tissue fragments were digested in a digestion solution containing type 1 collagenase (1 mg/mL) and dispase II (4 mg/mL) and incubated at 37 &#176;C on a shaker for 30-45 min (Figure 1G</st...

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Here, we describe the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue, allowing for the study of perivascular adipose tissue function and its relationship with vascular cells.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose tissue depot that surrounds blood vessels and exhibits the phenotypes of white, beige, and brown ...

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