This work was supported by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2021YJ0175).

The experimental protocol and procedures have received approval from the Administrative and Animal Research Committee of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Record number: 2022DL-010). Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 180-200 g, were commercially obtained (see Table of Materials) and housed under a natural light/dark cycle with controlled temperature (23 &#177; 2 &#176;C) and relative humidity (55% &#177; 10%). Twelve rats were randomly divided into two groups: the c...

Multicolor Immunofluorescence of the Nasal Tissue in an Allergic Rhinitis Rat Model

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Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. It has become a global health concern, impacting work efficiency, diminishing the quality of life, impairing sleep, cognitive function, and causing irritability and fatigue. AR affects 10%-20% of the world&#39;s population&#185; and carries substantial economic costs, causing annual losses of up to 30-50 billion euros in EU countries18. Moreover, se...

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)1,2. It is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, nasal congestion, and nasal itching. With industrialization and urbanization, the prevalence of AR is gradually increasing, affecting approximately 10%-20% of the world&#39;s population1. The immunofluorescence (IF) technique is a fluorescent staining method that utilizes an antibody-antigen binding reaction. It can be employed to detect and quantify the distribution and expression levels of specific proteins in biological tissues or cells. In AR research, IF can simultaneously detect multiple targets, including AR-related cytokines, inflammatory cells, receptors, and more, facilitating the exploration of AR pathogenesis and the effects of drugs3,4,5,6.
The multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) staining process closely resembles traditional IF, with the addition of an antibody elution step during each round of staining. This modification enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers on the same tissue section through sequential single-labeling and multiple rounds of re-staining. mIF is based on tyramide signal amplification (TSA), allowing for repeated cycles of TSA fluorescent staining and the use of microwave heating to remove antibodies while retaining fluorescent signals7,8. In comparison to conventional IF, mIF offers several advantages: (1) it can detect weakly expressed antigens that are challenging to identify with conventional IF9,10; (2) it provides high-quality staining with an improved signal-to-noise ratio; (3) it allows for the quantification of tissue-specific structures and regions of interest11; (4) multiplexing multiple pathways efficiently utilizes tissues and conserves limited pathological resources12; (5) multi-parameter analysis through mIF offers deeper insights into tissues, uncovering hidden biological information13.
Overall, mIF allows the observation of different antigen expressions and distributions within the same sample, facilitating the study of target proteins. In the future, researchers seeking to understand the expression and distribution of multiple target proteins will find this technique a valuable choice. This study demonstrates the application of mIF for staining nasal mucosa samples from rats with AR and evaluate the establishment of a rat model of AR.

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		<tr>
			<td>Ovalbumin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sollerbauer Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A804010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oven</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DHG-9240A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Palm centrifuge</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>D1008E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>P0099-100ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pathology section scanner</td>
			<td>3DHISTECH Kft</td>
			<td>Pannoramic SCAN&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS buffer</td>
			<td>Biosharp</td>
			<td>G4202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette&#160;</td>
			<td>Dragon</td>
			<td>KE0003087/KA0056573</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ror&#947;t</td>
			<td>Affinity Biosciences Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DF3196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Quanzhou Excellence Medical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>20170022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Self-fluorescent quenching agent Sudan Black B</td>
			<td>Bioengineering Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A602008-0025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slicer</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>HM325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slicing machine</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>HM325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slide</td>
			<td>Nantong Mewtech Life Science Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>PC2-301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sprague Dawley rats</td>
			<td>Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine</td>
			<td>SYX <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/65937/65937eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> 2023-0100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TICAM-1</td>
			<td>Affinity Biosciences Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>DF6289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue scissors</td>
			<td>Shanghai Medical Devices Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>J22120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue spreading baking sheet machine</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JK-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TYR-690 fluorescent dyes</td>
			<td>Shanghai Rutron Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>RC0086-34RM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex mixer</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>SLK-O3000-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath-slide drier</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JK-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax trimmer</td>
			<td>Wuhan Junjie Electronics Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>JXL-818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Chengdu Kolon Chemical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022051901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunofluorescent labeling in nasal mucosa tissue sections of allergic rhinitis rats via multicolor immunoassay

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), affecting approximately 10%-20% of the world's population. While immunofluorescence (IF) staining has long been a standard technique for detecting disease-specific protein expression, conventional IF techniques are limited in their ability to detect the expression levels of three or more proteins in the same sample. Consequently, multicolor IF techniques have been developed in recent years, which allow the simultaneous labeling of multiple targets in cells or tissues.
This protocol provides a comprehensive overview of the process for establishing a rat model of AR, obtaining nasal mucosal samples, and the technical procedures for multicolor immunofluorescence. All rats in the AR group exhibited typical symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and an itchy nose, with behavioral observations scoring &#8805;5 points. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining revealed increased inflammatory cell counts and disrupted nasal mucosal integrity in the AR group. Multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) demonstrated increased expression of ROR&#947;t and TICAM-1, while Foxp3 expression decreased in the nasal mucosa tissue of AR rats.

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Our main research is based on a study of allergic rhinitis. Our research intends to analyze what proteins are associated with allergic rhinitis. Multicolor immunofluorescence is currently used to advance research in our field.In future studies, we will focus on the possible mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Six SD rats were successfully induced into the AR model through OVA intraperitoneal injection and nasal challenge. AR was induced in all rats in the AR group, accounting for 100% of the group. All rats in the AR group exhibited typical symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and an itchy nose. All behavioral observations scored &#8805;5 points (Table 2).
H&#38;E staining results on the 21st day of modeling revealed that in the control rats, the nasal mucosa&#39;s e...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

This protocol describes a multicolor immunofluorescence technique for evaluating the rat model of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), ...

immunofluorescent-labeling-nasal-mucosa-tissue-sections-allergic