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Core - Biology

    Chapter 13

    DNA Structure and Function

    13.1 : The DNA Helix01:16

    13.1 : The DNA Helix

    Overview Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most ...

    138.3K views
    13.2 : DNA Packaging00:58

    13.2 : DNA Packaging

    Overview Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. In order to fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotes must pack their DNA tightly inside ...

    102.1K views
    13.3 : Organization of Genes02:07

    13.3 : Organization of Genes

    Overview The genomes of eukaryotes can be structured in several functional categories. A strand of DNA is comprised of genes and intergenic regions. ...

    68.4K views
    13.4 : Karyotyping01:17

    13.4 : Karyotyping

    Overview Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is ...

    58.2K views
    13.5 : Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

    13.5 : Replication in Prokaryotes

    Overview DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to ...

    86.7K views
    13.6 : Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

    13.6 : Replication in Eukaryotes

    Overview In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high ...

    170.3K views
    13.7 : Proofreading01:43

    13.7 : Proofreading

    Overview Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA ...

    53.8K views
    13.8 : Mismatch Repair01:36

    13.8 : Mismatch Repair

    Overview Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires ...

    39.9K views
    13.9 : Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

    13.9 : Nucleotide Excision Repair

    Overview Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. Damaged ...

    36.9K views
    13.10 : Mutations01:39

    13.10 : Mutations

    Overview Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. ...

    80.4K views
    13.11 : Transcription01:10

    13.11 : Transcription

    Overview Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene ...

    146.7K views
    13.12 : Translation01:31

    13.12 : Translation

    Lesson: Translation Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following ...

    141.6K views
    13.13 : Bacterial Transformation01:33

    13.13 : Bacterial Transformation

    In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two ...

    55.1K views
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