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Core - Cell Biology

    Chapter 16

    Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting

    16.1 : Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

    16.1 : Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

    Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific ...

    11.0K views
    16.2 : Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

    16.2 : Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

    Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences ...

    5.2K views
    16.3 : Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

    16.3 : Nuclear Protein Sorting

    Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes ...

    4.5K views
    16.4 : Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

    16.4 : Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

    Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear ...

    5.5K views
    16.5 : Nuclear Export01:42

    16.5 : Nuclear Export

    The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring ...

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    16.6 : Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

    16.6 : Directionality of Nuclear Transport

    Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating ...

    3.2K views
    16.7 : Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

    16.7 : Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

    Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and ...

    2.4K views
    16.8 : Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

    16.8 : Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

    Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  ...

    4.2K views
    16.9 : Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

    16.9 : Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

    Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously ...

    2.5K views
    16.10 : Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

    16.10 : Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

    Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called ...

    3.0K views
    16.11 : Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

    16.11 : Energy to Drive Translocation

    Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly ...

    2.0K views
    16.12 : Structure of Porins01:21

    16.12 : Structure of Porins

    Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and ...

    2.9K views
    16.13 : Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

    16.13 : Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

    Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors ...

    2.8K views
    16.14 : Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

    16.14 : Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

    Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. ...

    3.6K views
    16.15 : Protein Transport to the Thylakoids01:22

    16.15 : Protein Transport to the Thylakoids

    Thylakoids are membrane-bound sac-like structures within the chloroplast that serve as sites for photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen contains many electron ...

    2.2K views
    16.16 : Protein Transport to the Stroma01:24

    16.16 : Protein Transport to the Stroma

    Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite ...

    1.8K views
    16.17 : Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane01:11

    16.17 : Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

    Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as ...

    1.9K views
    16.18 : Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

    16.18 : Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

    Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion ...

    2.1K views
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