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Bölüm 21

Endokrin Sistem

Endokrin Sisteme Genel Bir Bakış
Endokrin Sisteme Genel Bir Bakış
The endocrine system is made of glands and organs that produce and secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical signals that act as messengers between ...
Endokrin Sistemin Yapıları
Endokrin Sistemin Yapıları
The endocrine system is composed of glands, tissues, and organs distributed throughout the body. Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete ...
Endokrin Sistemde Kimyasal Sinyalizasyon
Endokrin Sistemde Kimyasal Sinyalizasyon
A signaling cascade is a sequence of events that transfers information within or between cells, resulting in a response in the target cell. Hormones are ...
Hormon Çeşitleri
Hormon Çeşitleri
Hormones can be classified into steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones based on their structures. Steroids and ...
Hormon Etkisinde İkincil Haberciler
Hormon Etkisinde İkincil Haberciler
Water-soluble hormones cannot move across the plasma membrane, so they use protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling ...
Hormonlara Hedef Hücre Tepkisi
Hormonlara Hedef Hücre Tepkisi
Hormones bind to receptors on a target cell’s surface or interior and initiate various cellular ...
Hormon Salgısının Düzenlenmesi
Hormon Salgısının Düzenlenmesi
Hormone secretion is regulated by different types of signals, including neural, humoral, and hormonal stimuli. Neural stimuli are triggered by the ...
Hipofiz bezi
Hipofiz bezi
The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ located in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct ...
Hipofiz bezinin hormonları
Hipofiz bezinin hormonları
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to ...
Tiroid bezi
Tiroid bezi
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland. It covers the anterior surface of the trachea in the neck region. It has two lateral lobes connected ...
Tiroid Hormonlarının Sentezi ve Düzenlenmesi
Tiroid Hormonlarının Sentezi ve Düzenlenmesi
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the ...
Tiroid Hormonlarının İşlevleri
Tiroid Hormonlarının İşlevleri
The thyroid hormone, or TH, is essential for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and ...
Kalsitoninin Sentezi ve İşlevleri
Kalsitoninin Sentezi ve İşlevleri
Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone that regulates calcium levels in body fluids. The parafollicular cells or C cells are present in the follicular ...
Paratiroid bezleri
Paratiroid bezleri
The thyroid gland's posterior surface contains two embedded pairs of parathyroid glands. They are separated from the thyroid gland by a dense ...
Böbreküstü bezlerinin anatomisi
Böbreküstü bezlerinin anatomisi
The adrenal or supra-renal glands are paired, pyramid-shaped glands located above the kidney and in line with the twelfth rib.  When the body ...
Böbreküstü bezlerinin hormonları
Böbreküstü bezlerinin hormonları
The adrenal hormones are crucial for the body's electrolyte balance and stress response. The adrenal cortex produces over two dozen types of ...
Böbreküstü bezi bozuklukları
Böbreküstü bezi bozuklukları
Adrenal gland disorders occur when the concentration of adrenal hormones produced is too high or too low. Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal ...
Epifiz Bezi
Epifiz Bezi
The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland named for its pinecone shape. This gland is located on the roof of the third ventricle within the ...
Gonadal ve Plasental Hormonlar
Gonadal ve Plasental Hormonlar
The gonads, the testes in males, and the ovaries in females produce gonadal hormones. Testosterone is the primary male gonadal androgen. It is responsible ...
Pankreasın hücreleri ve salgıları
Pankreasın hücreleri ve salgıları
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the abdominal cavity that is part of the digestive and endocrine systems. It consists of exocrine and endocrine cells ...
Kan Şekerini Düzenleyen Hormonlar
Kan Şekerini Düzenleyen Hormonlar
The pancreatic hormones glucagon and insulin regulate blood glucose levels. Between meals or during fasting, the blood glucose levels drop, triggering the ...
Diabetes Mellitus: Genel Bakış ve Tip I Alt Tip
Diabetes Mellitus: Genel Bakış ve Tip I Alt Tip
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or ...
Diabetes Mellitus: Tip 2 ve Gestasyonel
Diabetes Mellitus: Tip 2 ve Gestasyonel
In Type 2 or insulin-independent diabetes, the insulin receptors on the cells stop responding to insulin, developing resistance to insulin functions. This ...
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